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Lab Module – Torsion of Disk-Shaped Sample

MA304

A lab module with related accessories for an undergraduate biomechanicals class

SKU: MA304 Categories: ,

Various applications require materials to withstand torsional stress. In this undergraduate biomechanics class laboratory module, rubber and hydrogel disk-shaped samples will be pre-compressed between two flat platens covered with waterproof sandpaper and a dynamic rotational displacement will be applied. Throughout this laboratory, each team will: prepare rubber and a hydrogel disk samples; test samples in dynamic torsion shear at frequencies from 0.1 to 2Hz; obtain samples’ dynamic moduli from torque-displacement sinusoidal curves; calculate dynamic shear modulus; learn the relevance of the pre-compression; discuss the effect of frequency on the dynamic shear modulus.
Includes syllabus (instructor’s editable version) and turn-key sample preparation kit (e.g. rubber sheet, agar powder, adhesive sandpaper, 11 dermal punches, metal rods, circular stencils) allowing about 10 repetitions (team of 2-5 students).
Requires a Mach-1 tester (MA005 or higher), a high capacity multiaxial load cell (MA236), a flat indenter (MA262 or MA263), a small testing chamber (MA740) and a testing chamber (MA626).

  • Designed to be used in contact with physiological saline solution
  • Deemed an excellent educational tool for students
  • Learning Goal – Become familiar with the safe operation of a mechanical tester
  • Learning Goal – Learn how to prepare disk-shaped samples
  • Learning Goal – Understand how the structure and composition of materials determine their mechanical behavior
  • Learning Goal – Learn how to perform a dynamic mechanical test in torsion
  • Learning Goal – Understand how to calculate dynamic shear modulus of a disk-shaped sample in dynamic mechanical testing
  • Learning Goal – Understand the effect of frequency on the shear modulus
Team Size

from 2 to 5 students

Duration1

30 min (preparation)

Duration2

2 hours (hand-on work)

Duration3

30 min (data analysis)

Documents and resources (2)

Test configurations (1)

FAQ

What is Poroelasticity?
Property of an elastic or viscoelastic material with an incompressible free fluid phase. When such a material is put under stress, fluid is released from the solid matrix. The frictional drag generated from the movement of the fluid through the matrix affects the mechanical behavior of such material. These materials are normally tested in a bath of fluid.

Mach-1 Analysis – Poroelastic Model in Unconfined Compression – Parameters

Mach-1 Analysis – Poroelastic Model in Confined Compression – Parameters

Mach-1 Analysis – Poroelastic Model in Confined Compression – Example

Mach-1 Analysis – Poroelastic Model in Unconfined Compression – Cartilage

Mach-1 Analysis – Poroelastic Model in Unconfined Compression – Example

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Disk-Shaped Samples – Student Version

What is the shear stress?
The shear stress is the component of the mechanical stress causing deformation of a material by slippage along a plane or planes parallel to the imposed stress. Shear stress arises from shear forces, which are pairs of equal and opposing forces acting on opposite sides of an object. Units are in Pa.

t =F/A, where t = the shear stress, F = the force applied and A = the cross-sectional area of material with area parallel to the applied force vector.

Lab Module — Torsion of bone

Lab Module — Torsion of disk-shaped samples

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Bone – Student Version

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Disk-Shaped Samples – Student Version

What is the shear modulus?
The shear modulus G is a mechanical property of a material. It is independent of the material geometry. It represents the stiffness of a material under a force parallel to one of its surfaces while its opposite face experiences an opposite force. The shear modulus G is described as the shear stress over the shear strain. The shear modulus is extrapolated from the linear regression between shear stress at equilibrium and shear strain.

Lab Module — Torsion of bone

Lab Module — Torsion of disk-shaped samples

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Bone – Student Version

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Disk-Shaped Samples – Student Version

What is viscoelasticity?
Property of a material to exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. Such material will show time-dependent mechanical behavior.

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Disk-Shaped Samples – Student Version

What is the polar moment of inertia?
The polar moment of inertia IP is a quantity used in the calculation of how an object's ability to resist torsion. It is required to calculate the twist of an object subjected to torque. The polar moment of inertia depends on the shape of the cross-section and is measured in units of mm4.

Lab Module — Torsion of bone

Lab Module — Torsion of disk-shaped samples

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Bone – Student Version

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Disk-Shaped Samples – Student Version

What is dynamic mechanical testing?
A periodic stimulus is applied axially (tension/compression), or in shear (planar or torsion) to a material. Dynamic mechanical properties can be assessed from its response, which will vary depending on the composition of the material. The shear modulus calculated from a dynamic mechanical testing can be defined as G*.

Lab Module — Torsion of disk-shaped samples

LAB MODULE – Torsion of Disk-Shaped Samples – Student Version

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