Investigating multi-material hydrogel three-dimensional printing for in vitro representation of the neo-vasculature of solid tumours: a comprehensive mechanical analysis and assessment of nitric oxide release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Editorial summary

Multimaterial hydrogel printing was investigated as a means of representing the heterogeneous vasculature of solid tumors in vitro. Mechanical characterization was combined with endothelial-cell assays, including nitric-oxide release. The resulting printed structures provide a simplified platform for studying vascular cell responses in different material environments.