Frequently asked questions
FAQs
Calibration
How should I prepare the mechanical tester before testing?
At the beginning of each testing day, it is recommended to:
- Remove all accessories from the Mach-1 (indenter, sample holder, testing chamber, etc.).
- In order to minimize the risk of spill onto/into the stage(s)/accessories located under the testing chamber, it is highly recommended to insert a piece of paper benchtop cover (large enough to completely cover the components under the testing chamber in case of a spill and with 4 holes made with scissors to allow clearance for the testing chamber’s attachment screws) under the testing chamber before screwing it in place.
- Soak all small accessories (only splash the larger one), and if applicable your small tools, in a beaker filled with alcohol for 5 to 15 minutes (extending this time could create rust on some metallic components) and let them dry completely (before doing this, make sure this procedure is not interfering with your test protocol).
- Install all required accessories on the tester. In doing so, special attention must be used when attaching components under the load cell which can be easily damaged whenever too much torque is used (refer to load cell specifications).
- Verify load cell calibration.
What is the purpose of the multiple-axis load cell calibration window?
This configuration window allows the user to add calibration weights and edit the parameters of existing ones for the multiple-axis load cell by double-clicking the corresponding line. More than one calibration can be performed with a given weight when considering the torques. The figure shows the different options.
Options:
INSERT – Clicking the “Insert” button will add a “NEW” line in the table, as shown in the following figure.
Double-click the line to edit the parameters: the “Calibration Weight” window will appear.
Enter the name of the calibration weight (e.g. its serial number or its nominal value) in the “Name” box.
Enter its weight (in newtons) in the “Fz, N” box. Enter the torque according to the x (“Tx, N.mm”) or y (“Ty, N.mm”) (in newtons-millimetre) if you wish to perform a calibration using the torque. The force along x (“Fx, N”) and y (“Fy, N”) as well as the torque along z (“Tz, N.mm”) can also be set if required.
DELETE – Click the “Delete” button to delete the selected calibration weight.
How does the single axis load cell configuration window works?
The load cell configuration window allows the user to add single-axis load cells to the Mach-1 and to edit the parameters of existing ones by double-clicking the corresponding line. You should not have to edit the parameters unless you add a new load cell to the system. Figure 48 shows the different options.
Options:
INSERT – Clicking the “Insert” button will add a “NEW” line in the table, as shown in the figure.
Double-click the line to edit the parameters: the “Load Cell” window will appear.
Enter the name of the load cell (e.g. its serial number) in the “Name” box
Enter its resolution (1/20,000th of the load range, in grams) in the “Resolution, g” box.
Enter its full scale voltage (in volts) in the “Full Scale Voltage, V” box. The full scale voltage is the voltage output of the load cell when strained at full capacity. For instance, a load cell having a capacity of 10 kg and a “Full Scale Voltage” of 7.5 V will generate a voltage of 0.75 V when submitted to a 1 kg load.
The “DAQ Channel” is the automatically attributed address of the load cell in the data acquisition hardware.
DELETE – Click the “Delete” button to delete the selected load cell.
How works the load cells control window? How do I check the proper calibration of a load cell?
Clicking on the “Load Cells” button will open a window (see attached image) that allows the selection and calibration of a load cell as well as the selection of a “Low-pass filter” to reduce the noise in the load signal. All available load cells will be listed. LOAD CELL CALIBRATION CHECK IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED BEFORE EACH TEST SESSION.
How do I know if my Arthro-BST is calibrated?
The Arthro-BST doesn't required any calibration.
How frequently should I calibrate my Mach-1?
The Mach-1 doesn't require recalibration. However, it is strongly recommended before each test session to verify the integrity of the load cell in place. This is done using a calibration weight provided with the load cell.
Demos
How can I prepared my computer for an online demo of your product?
Instructions are provided hereafter.
Can you perform a particular test on my sample during a demo?
Yes, we can demonstrate a particular test on a material of your choice in a demo. Check our “Demo” page for all options.
Can I come visit your office for a demo?
We would be pleased to welcome you to our office to demonstrate you the various applications and configurations of our mechanical tester. Don't hesitate to bring samples of different materials you'd be interested to test, we will show you how the Mach-1 could help you in your research. Visit the 'Demo' page to see all the available demo options.
How long does a demo usually last?
Our online demos usually last between 30 minutes and an hour.
How can I request an on-line demo?
We have setup a demonstration lab with several webcams to provide you with a live immersive experience to be able to show you our products configuration. Please, check our Demo page for details.
Do you offer on-site demo?
An on-site demonstration could be held in your own lab. This would be the perfect opportunity to validate the device's performance, testing different materials and accessories and answer all your questions. Feel free to invite your colleagues to join the demonstration; the information could be useful to them as well! We invite you to visit our 'Demo' section to see all the demo options you have and, to request an on-site demo.
Electromechanical Probe
I am an Arthro-BST or Benchtop Arthro-BST user, can you post my scientific publications on your Website?
We encourage our clients to tell us when they publish research with the articular cartilage probe. We would be happy to promote your research on our Website as well as on social medias (ResearchGate, Twitter and LinkedIn). For the benefit of other Arthro-BST users, please send us your latest research if you can't find it on our Website; We'll add it!
Could the software license agreement be terminated?
The software License Agreement is in effect until termination. You may terminate it at any time by destroying the software and all copies you have made. Unauthorized copying or duplication of the Software will result in automatic termination of this License Agreement. Without prejudice to any other rights, Biomomentum Inc. may terminate this License Agreement if You fail to comply with any term or condition of this License Agreement. Upon termination of this License Agreement You agree to destroy the Software and all copies You have made.
What are the limitations on the Software License Agreement?
Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, Translation, and Disassembly: You acknowledge that the Software in source code form remains a confidential trade secret of Biomomentum Inc. therefore, you may not reverse engineer, decompile, translate disassemble, or otherwise try to discover the source code of the Software. You may not otherwise modify, alter, adapt, or merge the Software.
Transfer of Software Product: You may not transfer or otherwise assign this License Agreement to another party without the prior written consent of Biomomentum Inc. Moreover, you may not rent, timeshare, lease, or further sub-license the Software to a third party.
Export Restrictions: You agree that the Software will not be shipped, exported, or transferred into any other country, or used in any manner prohibited by any export laws, restrictions or regulations.
Is the software a property of Biomomentum?
Biomomentum Inc. owns certain rights to the Software, and any associated media, printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation. THIS SOFTWARE IS A PROPRIETARY PRODUCT OF BIOMOMENTUM INC., AND IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS. TITLE TO THIS SOFTWARE, ANY COPY OF THIS SOFTWARE, AND ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE SOFTWARE SHALL AT ALL TIMES REMAIN WITH BIOMOMENTUM INC. Your rights are defined by the License Agreement, and You agree that this Agreement creates a legally binding and valid contract.
How the Arthro-BST Quantitative Parameter (QP) is calculated?
The quantitative parameter (QP) of the Arthro-BST corresponds to the number of microelectrodes in contact with cartilage (voltage below -2 mV) when the sum of their electric potentials reaches -100 mV.
Will you upgrade software from time to time? Do I need to pay for software upgrades?
Biomomentum Inc. warrants you that free software upgrades, when available, will be provided for a 24-month period from the date of shipment. After this time, upgrades will be provided, when available, at a separate charge, or under a separate agreement.
Glossary
What is Young’s modulus E?
Intrinsic mechanical property of a material independent of its geometry. From the slope of the stress vs. strain graph during an unconfined compression and considering the geometry of the sample, we can calculate the Young's modulus.
What is Poroelasticity?
Property of an elastic or viscoelastic material with an incompressible free fluid phase. When such a material is put under stress, fluid is released from the solid matrix. The frictional drag generated from the movement of the fluid through the matrix affects the mechanical behavior of such material. These materials are normally tested in a bath of fluid.
What is the field of strain?
Measurement method allowing the display of a straining pattern of a material under deformation.
What is the shear stress?
The shear stress is the component of the mechanical stress causing deformation of a material by slippage along a plane or planes parallel to the imposed stress. Shear stress arises from shear forces, which are pairs of equal and opposing forces acting on opposite sides of an object. Units are in Pa.
What is the shear modulus?
The shear modulus G is a mechanical property of a material. It is independent of the material geometry. It represents the stiffness of a material under a force parallel to one of its surfaces while its opposite face experiences an opposite force. The shear modulus G is described as the shear stress over the shear strain. The shear modulus is extrapolated from the linear regression between shear stress at equilibrium and shear strain.
What is the elongation at rupture?
The amount of uniaxial strain at fracture including both elastic and plastic deformation.
What is the Mapping Toolbox software?
The Mapping Toolbox is a data management software designed to record, manage, analyze and display various types of local characterization performed on the surface of a sample. Characterization data (“.map”, tab-delimited text file) is handled in the form of maps overlaid onto are representative image of the sample surface. Equipped with a camera, the software can also be used as a camera-registration positioning system to capture images of the sample surface and to facilitate manual characterization mapping. Eventually, new statistical modules (software add-ons) will be released to perform various statistical analyses within a single characterization mapping or among multiple mappings of comparable samples.
What is the Mach-1 Analysis software?
Mach-1 Analysis reads, displays, and analyzes text files (ASCII files) generated by the Mach-1 Motion software. These original text files and the files saved with Mach-1 Analysis can be opened with any text or spreadsheet editor for your own custom analysis.
How the Arthro-BST Quantitative Parameter (QP) is calculated?
The quantitative parameter (QP) of the Arthro-BST corresponds to the number of microelectrodes in contact with cartilage (voltage below -2 mV) when the sum of their electric potentials reaches -100 mV.
What is an aggregate modulus?
The aggregate modulus (Ha) corresponds to the stiffness of the material at equilibrium when fluid has ceased flowing through it in a confined compression test configuration. The aggregate modulus can be calculated from Young's modulus (E) and the Poisson ratio (v) using the formula Ha=E(1-v)/[(1+v)(1-2v)].
What is the tester compliance?
The mechanical compliance is the inverse of the stiffness, it due to the deformation that occurs in the load cell, tester frame and mechanical setup during a mechanical test. When testing hard samples, this deformation may not be negligible; therefore, measurement of the setup compliance can be crucial in obtaining accurate mechanical properties. The tester compliance (or stiffness) depends on the tester configuration (e.g. height of the vertical stage on the frame, type of load cell, etc.) and the accessories installed. An easy way to measure the compliance of the tester is to replace the sample by a dummy sample much stiffer than the sample of interest (e.g. a piece of steel) or to remove the sample (for compression test) and then to apply a displacement. For example, if a flat indenter is contacted at the bottom of the testing chamber and a displacement is applied, the stage will be unable to move if the stiffness of the tester was infinite (zero compliance). In real situation, this would never be the case; the stage will be able to move but the load will increase rapidly. The entire mechanical setup can be modeled as two springs connected in series: one spring representing the tester stiffness and a second spring representing the sample stiffness. By looking at the load-displacement curve, the stiffness of the tester (or compliance) can be calculated.
What is the elastic modulus in bending?
The elastic modulus in bending Ef : It is an intrinsic mechanical property of a material expressing the tendency of this material to bend. From the slope of the stress vs. strain graph during a flexural test and considering the geometry of the sample and the testing configuration (3-point bending), we can calculate the elastic modulus in bending. Although theoretically equivalent to the Young's modulus, these values may be different in experimental testing.
What is viscoelasticity?
Property of a material to exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. Such material will show time-dependent mechanical behavior.
What is the ultimate tensile strength (tensile strength)?
Ultimate tensile strength is the maximum stress developed in a material before rupture in a tension test.
What is Digital Image Correlation
Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is an analytical method relying on set of images to track 2D changes within images. Multiple synchronized sets can also be used to track 3D changes within images. It offers full field analysis of material and enables the characterization of local mechanical properties as well as interaction between components in a compound of materials. As a non-contact displacement and strain measurement method, it enables characterization of soft materials without interfering with their mechanical properties. This method is thus well adapted for assessment of biological and composite material, as well as geometrically complex materials, submitted to different constraint. As a method of full field assessment of material, results from these analyses can also be used as validation for FEA models.
What is the yield strength?
The stress at which a material starts to show plastic deformation.
What is the area moment of inertia?
The area moment of inertia I is a quantity used in the calculation of an object's ability to resist bending. The area moment of inertia depends on the shape of the cross-section and is measured in units of mm4.
What is the maximum flexural strength?
The maximum flexural strength (σf ) is a material property defined as the stress in a material just before it yields (or plastic deformation) in a flexion (bending) test. The maximum flexural strength is independent of the samples shape and testing configuration (3-point bending). It represents the highest stress experienced within the material at the moment of yield.
What is the section modulus?
The section modulus Z is calculated as the ratio between the area moment of inertia and the distance from the centroid to the top or bottom edge of the sample (d/2).
What is the plastic region?
Region of a stress-strain curve where the deformation undergone by a material remains after the load is removed. The plastic deformation is the permanent part of the deformation beyond the elastic limit of a material.
What is the elastic region?
Linear region of a stress-strain curve where a material deformed under load or strain will return to its original shape when the stress is released. The slope of the elastic region is used in the calculation of the Young's modulus.
What is the strain rate?
Change in strain or deformation of a material with respect to time.
What is the elasticity?
Property of a material to deform under load or strain and to return to its original shape when the stress is released.
What is the stiffness K?
A structural property of a sample. By plotting force vs. displacement during an unconfined compression and extracting the slope, we obtain the stiffness of the sample. In Mach-1 Analysis, the slope is in gram-force per mm (gf/mm). The gram-force is 1 gram multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity on Earth, exactly 9.80665 m/s².
What is the toe region?
Region of a stress-strain curve prior to the elastic region. The shape of the toe region is different from that of the elastic region due to the primary realignment of the sample in the grip, the straightening of slack fibers and the rotation of collagen fibers to align with the direction of elongation.
What is polyethylene?
It is the most common plastic and it is a polymer created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers, of ethylene. Their consequently large molecular mass relative to small molecule compounds produce unique mechanical properties, including toughness and viscoelasticity. Polyethylene is a flexible plastic that has an elastic behavior at small deformations and a plastic behavior at higher deformations.
What is the polar moment of inertia?
The polar moment of inertia IP is a quantity used in the calculation of how an object's ability to resist torsion. It is required to calculate the twist of an object subjected to torque. The polar moment of inertia depends on the shape of the cross-section and is measured in units of mm4.
What is dynamic mechanical testing?
A periodic stimulus is applied axially (tension/compression), or in shear (planar or torsion) to a material. Dynamic mechanical properties can be assessed from its response, which will vary depending on the composition of the material. The shear modulus calculated from a dynamic mechanical testing can be defined as G*.
What is your data privacy and cookies policy?
Grant Applications
I’m applying for a grant; How do I know what mechanical tester configuration fits my budget?
Use the configurator to list all testing applications you would like to do with our mechanical tester. The configurator will propose you the optimal tester configuration which can perform all required tests while minimizing the price. If the price of the proposed tester in over you budget you can removed any unessential testing applications to get a lower price estimate. If you want to maximize tester capabilities to reach your allowed budget, you can continue to add more testing applications through the configurator or directly add more stages, load cells or accessories to the proposed tester using our catalog.
Installation and Training
How can I install the latest version of Mach-1 Analysis software?
To download the latest version of Mach-1 Analysis, please contact us. Execute “setup.exe” from the Mach-1 Analysis folder “Volume” and follow onscreen instructions. Please contact us to activate any software add-on purchased. Refer to the details of the Software Licensing Agreement.
- Windows Vista, 7, 8 or 10 (32 & 64 bits).
- 3 GB of RAM.
- 100 MB hard disk space for system applications.
- Screen resolution of 1366 x 768 pixels.
What is the purpose of the multiple-axis load cell calibration window?
This configuration window allows the user to add calibration weights and edit the parameters of existing ones for the multiple-axis load cell by double-clicking the corresponding line. More than one calibration can be performed with a given weight when considering the torques. The figure shows the different options.
Options:
INSERT – Clicking the “Insert” button will add a “NEW” line in the table, as shown in the following figure.
Double-click the line to edit the parameters: the “Calibration Weight” window will appear.
Enter the name of the calibration weight (e.g. its serial number or its nominal value) in the “Name” box.
Enter its weight (in newtons) in the “Fz, N” box. Enter the torque according to the x (“Tx, N.mm”) or y (“Ty, N.mm”) (in newtons-millimetre) if you wish to perform a calibration using the torque. The force along x (“Fx, N”) and y (“Fy, N”) as well as the torque along z (“Tz, N.mm”) can also be set if required.
DELETE – Click the “Delete” button to delete the selected calibration weight.
How does the single axis load cell configuration window works?
The load cell configuration window allows the user to add single-axis load cells to the Mach-1 and to edit the parameters of existing ones by double-clicking the corresponding line. You should not have to edit the parameters unless you add a new load cell to the system. Figure 48 shows the different options.
Options:
INSERT – Clicking the “Insert” button will add a “NEW” line in the table, as shown in the figure.
Double-click the line to edit the parameters: the “Load Cell” window will appear.
Enter the name of the load cell (e.g. its serial number) in the “Name” box
Enter its resolution (1/20,000th of the load range, in grams) in the “Resolution, g” box.
Enter its full scale voltage (in volts) in the “Full Scale Voltage, V” box. The full scale voltage is the voltage output of the load cell when strained at full capacity. For instance, a load cell having a capacity of 10 kg and a “Full Scale Voltage” of 7.5 V will generate a voltage of 0.75 V when submitted to a 1 kg load.
The “DAQ Channel” is the automatically attributed address of the load cell in the data acquisition hardware.
DELETE – Click the “Delete” button to delete the selected load cell.
How many persons can get the induction training simultaneously? How much time it should take?
We recommend a maximum of 5 persons simultaneously.
Maintenance
How should I prepare the mechanical tester before testing?
At the beginning of each testing day, it is recommended to:
- Remove all accessories from the Mach-1 (indenter, sample holder, testing chamber, etc.).
- In order to minimize the risk of spill onto/into the stage(s)/accessories located under the testing chamber, it is highly recommended to insert a piece of paper benchtop cover (large enough to completely cover the components under the testing chamber in case of a spill and with 4 holes made with scissors to allow clearance for the testing chamber’s attachment screws) under the testing chamber before screwing it in place.
- Soak all small accessories (only splash the larger one), and if applicable your small tools, in a beaker filled with alcohol for 5 to 15 minutes (extending this time could create rust on some metallic components) and let them dry completely (before doing this, make sure this procedure is not interfering with your test protocol).
- Install all required accessories on the tester. In doing so, special attention must be used when attaching components under the load cell which can be easily damaged whenever too much torque is used (refer to load cell specifications).
- Verify load cell calibration.
How can I clean the mechanical tester?
Cleaning of the Mach-1 Micromechanical System should be performed regularly, on an “as needed” basis. External surface of the tester should be maintained free of dust by wiping all surfaces with dry tissue and can be gently cleaned using ethanol or hydrogen peroxide wipes. Note that electronics boards and precise mechanical components of the stages and load cells are not watertight and can be irreversibly damaged by cleaning agent infiltration. Do not directly splash cleaning agent on those components and always use wipes.
How should I clean my accessories?
At the end of each testing day, it is recommended to dismantle all accessories and, if necessary, to dispose of the used paper benchtop cover. While doing so, it is recommended to verify if the tester or any of its components needs special cleaning. Using dish-washing soap and hot water, clean all accessories and small tools that were used. Rinse them in cold water and dry them completely with an absorbent paper or towel. Before starting to clean your device; make sure this procedure is not interfering with your test protocol. Further cleaning/decontamination steps might be required depending on the type of samples you tested.
I wish to update my computer to current Windows version. Could this affect the performances of my tester?
We have tested the effect of the Windows upgrade to the current version and found no effect on the performances of the tester. You can do it. Contact us if you experience any problem.
I wish to replace my computer. Will I be able to reinstall the Mach-1 software on my new computer?
We highly recommend that you contact us before doing the transition. There is an acquisition card install in the actual computer that will need to be transfer. We should make sure that your new computer have the right specifications to run the mechanical tester.
What is the recommended maintenance for the Arthro-BST?
To maintain device effectiveness we recommend the following:
- Cleaning of the Arthro-BST™ electrical isolation box, handle and cable should be performed after every use.
- External surface of the device can be gently cleaned using ethanol or hydrogen peroxide wipes.
- Always disconnect the electrical isolation box from the computer before cleaning.
- Keep the device free of dust by wiping all surfaces with dry tissue.
Battery level check up:
- The software will indicate when the AA-battery charge is low and if required, recharge or replace them.
- If applicable, after every use, verify the battery level of the portable computer and recharge it.
- If the equipment is not used for more than a month, remove the AA-batteries from the electrical isolation box.
- No accessories other than those presented in the Device Description are recognized for the Arthro-BST™.
- Only 1 box of 10 disposable tips is provided with the Arthro-BST™. Contact Biomomentum to order additional disposable tips.
- After every use, inspect the appearance and integrity of all components. If a component appears to be damaged, contact Biomomentum for a replacement part.
Mapping Toolbox
How is a surface positioning template created?
In order to facilitate eventual comparison between samples with similar surface, it is recommended to use a boundaries (surface positioning) template to standardize their positioning in the picture frame. This surface positioning template is a “.map” file containing a list of positions outlining the sub-surface’s boundaries and a reference image of the surface of interest.
The reference image should be considered as a representative (average) image of the different samples with a similar surface that will be used for the display of average mapping results taken from multiple comparable surfaces. In order to be representative (average) of all sample surface boundaries within the group of interest, template must be created using enough independent sample surface images. Of course, the number of independent images required will be a function of the extent of boundary variation within the group. Image processing software shall be used to create the representative (average) image.
The boundaries (surface positioning) template can be modified from time to time, in particular when data collection indicates that it is not representative of the population. For this reason, a version number is added to the template which is named using the following convention: “Template-X_SurfaceDescription_vV.map”, where X is the left (L) or right (R) side and V is the version number.
The following is the list of the left and right surface positioning templates currently available:
• Human: Distal Femur, Femoral Condyles, Tibial Plateau, Patella
• Sheep: Femoral Condyles, Tibial Plateau
• Rabbit: Femoral Condyles, Tibial Plateau
• Rat: Femoral Condyles, Tibial Plateau
• Mouse: Femoral Condyles, Tibial Plateau
NOTE. If the sample presents closed sub-surfaces (for example an entire tibial plateau with the medial and lateral plateaus), it is important to describe each of these regions of interest (sub-surfaces) in order to interpolate the mapping within the delimited boundaries.
1. Position the sample in the camera feed or place the camera towards a screen in order to visualize a representative (single or average) image of the sample in the camera feed. Ideally, sample’s surface should be at the center and occupies the maximum space in the image frame while remaining completely visible and allowing some clearance for eventual refraction compensation, if applicable.
2. Create the boundary of the sample surface in the camera feed. Note that it is important to edit/select a sub-surface in the Sub-SurfaceID field before adding a boundary in order to assign the boundary to a sub-surface.
2.1 Choose “Boundary” in “View” of the menu bar to see boundaries in the camera feed.
2.2 Edit the Sub-Surface ID field as defined in the associated protocol.
2.3 Choose “Add Boundary” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed to define the boundary along the sample sub-surface and a closed contour will be created.
2.4 If necessary, choose “Delete Boundary” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed at a boundary point along the sample sub-surface and the closed contour will be reshaped consequently.
2.5 Repeat steps 2.2 to 2.4 for each sub-surface of the sample.
3. Create a blank .map file and name it using the following convention: “Template-X_SurfaceDescription_vV.map”, where X is the left (L) or right (R) side and V is the version number.
How can I dimension the top view image of my sample to perform a mapping?
1. If already created, open the blank “Filename.map” file to be converted into metric coordinates. Note that the corresponding image “Filename.jpg” should present two visible reference marks. If not already created and if the sample is still in the camera feed, add two reference indicators on the two visible reference marks.
1.1. Choose “Reference 1 (red)” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed at the first reference mark.
1.2. Choose “Reference 2 (blue)” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed at the second reference mark.
2. Set the metric values of the reference marks.
2.1. Choose “Calibration” in “Edit” of the menu bar.
2.2. Report the X and Y metric coordinates of the reference 1 and reference 2 in the “Calibration” pop-up window according to a specific method, currently available is the “Mach-1” method.
“Mach-1” method: This method allows converting the pixels coordinates of the positions into metric coordinates that will be used for a mechanically-controlled surface mapping with the 2 horizontal stages of a multi-axial Mach-1 mechanical tester. The coordinate system used in this method corresponds to the Mach-1 horizontal stages where it is preferable to set X and Y origin at the first reference mark. With the sample/testing chamber mounted onto the Mach-1, move the stages in such a way that the center of the Mach-1’s indenter (its vertical axis) is positioned just over the first reference mark (red indicator), set the position of the X and Y stage to zero position. Repeat the same procedure for the second reference mark (blue indicator), report the X and Y stage position in the “Calibration” pop-up window. Note that since it is possible to increase the effective scanning area (limited by the stages) of the Mach-1 by manually rotating/repositioning the sample or sample/chamber assembly, a configuration index “i” is added to this characterization (by default i=1). Note that it is recommended to keep this configuration index (i) in all Mach-1 raw data generated under configuration (i).
3. Create a “Filename-Dimensioning.map” file, where “Filename” can be defined in an associated protocol.
3.1. Verify that reference 1 and reference 2 indicators are displayed in the camera feed and that their metric coordinates (according to the chosen method) has been reported in the “Calibration” pop-up window.
3.2. Choose “Create .map” in “File” of the menu bar and all positions, boundaries and references displayed in the camera feed will be saved in the .map file and a snapshot image “.jpg” of the camera feed will be saved in the same folder. Also, two characterizations “ScanX(mm)” and “ScanY(mm)” containing the metric coordinates of the two reference marks and those of each position of the grid will be saved.
What is the procedure to create a blank “.map” file?
NOTE. If no testing chamber is used proceed to step 5.
1. Completely screw the sample holder into the testing chamber and place the sample over it. If applicable, center the sample relative to the holder and rotate it in such a way that its orientation will approximately correspond to that of the corresponding surface positioning template image when seen by the technician in front of the testing chamber. Using a black marker, draw a mark on the top of the sample holder that will be used for the repositioning of the sample over the holder.
2. Remove the sample and unscrew the sample holder.
3. Depending on the sample type, a sample has to be attached to the sample holder following an appropriate method, either with screws and/or cyanoacrylate glue (recommended: Loctite 4013).
“Screws” method: In the case of sample holder (a – see Figure 1a), place the flat sample side in firm contact with the sample holder. Secure it with at least 2 screws from the bottom side. Make sure that the screws remain at least 1 cm away from the surface. In the case of sample holder (b – see Figure 1b), place the flat sample side in firm contact with the sample holder. Secure it from the periphery using its 6cone-ended screws. In the case of sample holder (c – see Figure 1c), place the sample in the middle. Secure it with its 2 screws.
“Glue” method: In the case of any sample holder with a flat portion (see Figure 1), make sure that the bottom surface of the sample and the flat portion of the sample holder are dry to ensure a good adherence. In the case of articular surfaces, apply the glue on the sample bottom (the bony part) and be careful not to touch the cartilage surface. If by mistake the glue touches the sample, try to clean the surface by using a flux of PBS, and report approximately the touched area in the laboratory book. The glued sample should be maintained for at least 1 minute to ensure a good adherence.
4. Screw the assembly into the testing chamber.
5. If required, create two reference points on the surface as per the “Calibration of the sample” section. If required, measure the horizontal distance between the references with a calibrated caliper and report the value (ideally, at a location specified in an associated protocol).
6. Adjust the position of the camera and its focus in such a way that the sample’s surface occupies the maximum space in the live camera feed while remaining completely visible by keeping a margin of about 5% at the 4 sides (right, left, up and down) to accommodate an eventual water refraction compensation, if applicable. It is recommended to use an appropriate surface positioning template to facilitate eventual mapping comparison between samples.
6.1. Choose “Import .map” in “File” of the menu bar.
6.2. Select the corresponding surface positioning template (*.map) and boundaries will be displayed by a closed contour (solid line) in the camera feed.
6.3. Adjust the position of the camera and its focus in such a way that the sample’s surface boundaries fit those of the surface positioning template.
7. Superimpose a position grid to the sample image. Positions could be added one by one according to a snapping grid (aligned) or anywhere on the sample. Also, positions could be imported through a previously created .map file. Note that it is important to edit/select a sub-surface in the Sub-SurfaceID field before adding a position in order to assign the position to a sub-surface.
7.1 If applicable, choose “Import .map” in “File” of the menu bar and select the corresponding position grid and the positions will be displayed by a circled marker in the camera feed.
7.2 If applicable, choose “Grid” in “View” of the menu bar to display a grid of snapping dots in the camera feed.
7.3 Edit the Sub-Surface ID field as defined in the associated protocol.
7.4 Choose “Add Positions” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed to add positions at each location of interest on the sample sub-surface.
7.5 If necessary, choose “Delete Positions” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed at each position that is not overlaid on a location of interest on the sample sub-surface and the position will be deleted from the camera feed.
7.6 Repeat steps 7.3 to 7.5 for each sub-surface of the sample.
8. If required, create the specific boundary of the sample sub-surfaces in order to refine the outline of the mapping surface for this specific sample (using at least 30 boundary points). If needed, surface boundary layer from the positioning template can be deleted first. Note that this step is important for the interpolation of characterization values to the boundary to obtain a complete mapping of the sample surface. Note that it is important to edit/select a sub-surface in the Sub-SurfaceID field before adding a boundary in order to assign the boundary to a sub-surface.
8.1. Choose “Boundary” in “View” of the menu bar to see boundaries in the camera feed.
8.2. Edit the Sub-Surface ID field as defined in the associated protocol.
8.3. Choose “Add Boundary” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed to define the boundary along the sample sub-surface and a closed contour will be created.
8.4. If necessary, choose “Delete Boundary” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed at a boundary point along the sample sub-surface and the closed contour will be reshaped consequently.
8.5. Repeat steps 8.2 to 8.4 for each sub-surface of the sample.
9. If required, add reference indicators on the two reference marks previously created at step 5.
9.1. Choose “Reference 1 (red)” in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed at the first reference mark.
9.2. Choose “Reference 2 (blue) in “Edit” of the menu bar and click in the camera feed at the second reference mark.
10. Create this blank “Filename.map” file, where “Filename” is standardized filename format that it is recommended to define in an associated protocol (refer to Appendix I for a recommended file naming convention). When filename standardization is not necessary, any name can be used as “Filename”. Choose “Create .map” in “File” of the menu bar and all positions, boundaries and references displayed in the camera feed will be saved in the .map file and a snapshot image “.jpg” of the camera feed will be saved in the same folder.
How does the “Clear Positions” function work?
Right-click of the mouse over the camera feed panel: This function removes all positions in the camera feed panel.
How does the “Sub-SurfaceID” function work?
This function allows the selection of a sub-surface and the edition of the Sub-SurfaceID name. When selected, the color of the position markers in camera feed corresponding to the selected sub-surface changes (from grey to black) in order to facilitate visualization.
How does the “Template Used” feature work?
This feature indicates which surface positioning template has been used to position the sample in the camera feed. When a surface positioning template is imported into the Mapping Toolbox through the function “Import.map”, this feature indicates the filename (*.map) of the last template imported.
How do I access the Help Menu?
The Help menu contains basic help functionalities (Figure 1) such as the user manual and information about the software/camera firmware.
User Manual – Click on this button to access a PDF file of this User Manual. The Adobe Reader™ must be installed on your computer. Visit https://www.adobe.com for installation details.
About – This function provides information about the software, firmware versions and camera serial number (Figure 2).
How does the Camera Menu work?
Start – This function starts the camera feed. In this mode, the user can use all features in the Edit menu.
Stop – This function stops the camera feed. In this mode, the user cannot use all features in the Edit menu.
How does the “Water Refraction (5% Compensation)” function work?
If required, this function applies a +5% scaling factor to the display of the positions, boundaries and references marks in the camera feed panel (this does not affect the pixel coordinates saved in the .map file). This feature is normally used to compensate for image distortion due to the presence of solution over the sample during manual characterization mapping of a biological sample. Note that the scaling is relative to the center of the grid.
How does the “Set Grid” function work?
This function will open a pop-up window to allow the user to configure the grid of snapping dots according to either an image-centered square configuration (size, in pixels, can be set from 10 to 200) or table configuration (# mcolumns and # rows can be set from 2 to 50, extended on the full image size).
How can I add boundaries to my sample in a mapping?
The “Boundary” function displays the boundaries of the surface (or its sub-surface), if defined, to facilitate the positioning of the sample or to see the boundaries when they are created.
How does the “Position ID” function work?
This function displays a position number at the bottom right of each position marker. These labels are consecutive numbers starting from 1 for the first position added in each sub-surface.
How does the “Grid” function work?
This function displays a grid of snapping dots, in the camera feed panel, defined by the user. If no values for the grid have been previously defined by the user through the “Set Grid” feature, the software will automatically prompt the user through the “Set Grid” pop-up window. The snapping dots are overlaid on the camera feed panel to make it easier to line up positions added.
How can I dimension the top view image of my sample for the mappings?
This function allows the user to assign the metric coordinates of Reference 1 (red) and Reference 2 (blue). When Mach-1 metric coordinates are entered, ScanX(mm) and ScanY(mm) characterizations are calculated and exported in a “.map” file when created. This function is only applicable when Reference 1 (red) and Reference 2 (blue) markers are displayed in the camera feed panel and when all four fields are different from 0.
Click the camera feed panel on the second reference mark and a blue marker will appear. At each click, the blue marker will relocate.
Right-click the mouse over the camera feed panel and select “Clear References” to remove all references from the camera feed panel.
How can I delete a position in the Mapping Toolbox?
The “Delete Position” function allows the user to delete a position that is not overlaid on a location of interest on the sample. Click the camera feed panel on a position marker to remove it. For faster results, click and hold down the left mouse button on position markers displayed in the camera feed panel and they will be removed on mouse-over until the user releases the left mouse button.
How does the “Add Position” function work?
Note. It is important to edit/select a sub-surface in the Sub-SurfaceID field in order to assign a position to a sub-surface.
This function allows the user to define a position of interest on the sample. Click the camera feed panel at each location of interest and a position marker will be added. When a snapping grid is displayed in the camera feed (grey dots), click and hold down the left mouse button in the camera feed panel and position markers will be added and be aligned to the snapping grid until the user releases the left mouse button.
Future measurements will be taken in the same order that position markers are added to the camera feed panel.
How does the “Create .map” function work?
The “Create .map” function creates a “.map” file containing all positions, boundaries and references displayed in the camera feed panel as well as a snapshot image “.jpg” of the camera feed.
How does the “Import .map” function work?
This function imports all information contained in a “.map” file (positions, boundaries and references) into the camera feed panel.
How can I open a “.map” file?
First, use the “Open .map” function to open a “.map” file. Note that Mapping Toolbox will open only the referred files that are in the same folder as the opened file. A secondary panel, Mapping window, will appear where any characterization will be mapped and where controls can customize the mapping view.
The following commands are accessible through this secondary panel:
a. Characterization. Let the user choose which characterization will be overlaid on the image.
b. Sub-Surface. Let the user choose which sub-surface will be overlaid on the image. By default, all sub-surfaces are overlaid on the image.
c. Show boundary. If selected, boundaries of the selected characterization of the selected sub-surface will be overlaid on the image.
d. Show positions. If selected, positions of the selected characterization of the selected sub-surface will be overlaid on the image.
e. Positions size. Let the user define the size of the positions markers (circle diameter) that will be overlaid on the image.
f. Show positions ID. If selected, a position number at the bottom right of each position marker of the selected characterization of the selected sub-surface will be overlaid on the image.
g. Positions ID font size. Let the user define the font size of the position number (circle diameter) that will be overlaid on the image.
h. Show mapping. If selected, the mapping of the selected characterization of the selected sub-surface will be overlaid on the image.
i. Mapping transparency. Let the user define the transparency of the mapping that will be overlaid on the image. 0 being no transparency and 1 being 100% transparency.
j. Log-scale mapping. If selected, a natural logarithmic scale will be used to generate the mapping of the selected characterization of the selected sub-surface. If not selected, a linear scale will be used.
k. Mapping auto-scale. If selected, the maximal and minimal value of the scale will be automatically defined by the maximal and minimal value of the selected characterization of the selected sub-surface.
l. Maximal value. Let the user define the maximal value of the scale.
m. Minimal value. Let the user define the minimal value of the scale.
n. Show mapping triangles. If selected, the Delaunay triangles of the mapping that will be overlaid on the image. A Delaunay triangulation method is used to divide the selected sub-surface into a set of triangles to generate a color mapping.
o. Triangles borders width. Let the user define the border width of the triangles that will be overlaid on the image
p. Interpolate to boundary. If selected, a Kriging interpolation, which is essentially a weighted-distance interpolation of irregular spacing data points, will be used to obtain a complete mapping of the selected characterization of the selected sub-surface. The basic idea of a Kriging interpolation is to predict the value at a given point by computing a weighted average of the known values of the function in the neighborhood of the point.
q. Save Image. Save an image “.jpg” of the right panel display.
r. Save Scale. Save an image “.jpg” of the scale. Note that if transparency is used for the display of the mapping, it is suggested to modify the scale (using an image processing software) to display it with the same level of transparency over a uniform color representative of the sample average background.
What is the “.map” file format?
A “.map” file generally contains several columns (or characterizations), each with the same number of rows. A blank “.map” file is always created at the start and contains five characterizations (under the category: “MAPPING”). Each row characterizes a point in the image, it provides its pixel coordinates, its name (ID), its type, to which sub-surface it is attached and the results of all characterizations performed (when PointType is 0).
– a “.map” file containing only “PixelX”, “PixelY”, “PointID”, “PointType” and “Sub-SurfaceID” is named “Filename.map”.
– a “.map” file also containing results from CharacterizationX(Units) is named “Filename-CharacterizationX.map”
– a “.map” file containing results from Characterization1(Units), Characterization2(Units) and … is named “Filename-Characterization1-Characterization2-….map”. Whenever possible, in order to reduce the filename length, the category of the characterization can be used to describe characterizations of the same category. For example, a “.map” file containing the characterizations ScanX(mm) and ScanY(mm) could be named “Filename-Indentation-Dimensions.map”.
What menu items are in the Mapping Toolbox camera feed window?
a. Actions accessible in “File” of the menu bar:
b. Actions accessible in “Edit” of the menu bar:
• Add Position, Add Boundary, Delete Position, Delete Boundary, Reference 1 (red), Reference 2 (blue) and Calibration
c. Actions accessible in “View” of the menu bar:
• Grid, PositionID, Boundary, Set Grid and Water Refraction (5% Compensation)
• Start and Stop
e. Actions accessible in “Help” of the menu bar:
• User Manual and About
f. Template Used: Indicates which surface positioning template has been used to position the sample in the camera feed.
g. Sub-Surface ID: Allows the selection of a sub-surface and the editing of the Sub-SurfaceID name.
h. Actions accessible with a right-click of the mouse (over the camera feed panel):
• Clear Positions, Clear Boundaries and Clear References
What is the procedure for installing the Mapping Toolbox software for the first time?
- Install the Point Grey Research’s camera drivers by clicking on “FlyCaptureVersion.exe” (where “Version” corresponds to the latest released version) and by following on-screen instructions (it is recommended to use the “Complete” setup type and selections shown in the following figures). Note that the drivers can also be downloaded from (www.ptgrey.com).
- Install the latest version of Mapping Toolbox by clicking on “setup.exe” from the Mapping Toolbox software folder “Installer/Volume”. Contact Biomomentum for a license or to activate any purchased software add-ons. Refer to the user manual for details on the Software Licensing Agreement.
- Plug the camera in a compatible USB port of your computer.
- To verify proper camera installation, you can run the Point Grey FlyCap2 software installed on your computer during driver’s installation.
What are the Minimum Requirements for a computer system to run the Mapping Toolbox software?
- Windows Vista, 7 or 8 (32 & 64 bits)
- 3 GB of RAM
- 100 MB hard disk space for system applications
- Screen resolution of 1366 x 768 pixels
- USB Camera from Point Grey Research (PN: FMVU-13S2C-CS) and compatible lens
Please note that these items can be purchased from Biomomentum.
What is the Mapping Toolbox software?
The Mapping Toolbox is a data management software designed to record, manage, analyze and display various types of local characterization performed on the surface of a sample. Characterization data (“.map”, tab-delimited text file) is handled in the form of maps overlaid onto are representative image of the sample surface. Equipped with a camera, the software can also be used as a camera-registration positioning system to capture images of the sample surface and to facilitate manual characterization mapping. Eventually, new statistical modules (software add-ons) will be released to perform various statistical analyses within a single characterization mapping or among multiple mappings of comparable samples.
Could the software license agreement be terminated?
The software License Agreement is in effect until termination. You may terminate it at any time by destroying the software and all copies you have made. Unauthorized copying or duplication of the Software will result in automatic termination of this License Agreement. Without prejudice to any other rights, Biomomentum Inc. may terminate this License Agreement if You fail to comply with any term or condition of this License Agreement. Upon termination of this License Agreement You agree to destroy the Software and all copies You have made.
What are the limitations on the Software License Agreement?
Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, Translation, and Disassembly: You acknowledge that the Software in source code form remains a confidential trade secret of Biomomentum Inc. therefore, you may not reverse engineer, decompile, translate disassemble, or otherwise try to discover the source code of the Software. You may not otherwise modify, alter, adapt, or merge the Software.
Transfer of Software Product: You may not transfer or otherwise assign this License Agreement to another party without the prior written consent of Biomomentum Inc. Moreover, you may not rent, timeshare, lease, or further sub-license the Software to a third party.
Export Restrictions: You agree that the Software will not be shipped, exported, or transferred into any other country, or used in any manner prohibited by any export laws, restrictions or regulations.
Is the software a property of Biomomentum?
Biomomentum Inc. owns certain rights to the Software, and any associated media, printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation. THIS SOFTWARE IS A PROPRIETARY PRODUCT OF BIOMOMENTUM INC., AND IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS. TITLE TO THIS SOFTWARE, ANY COPY OF THIS SOFTWARE, AND ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE SOFTWARE SHALL AT ALL TIMES REMAIN WITH BIOMOMENTUM INC. Your rights are defined by the License Agreement, and You agree that this Agreement creates a legally binding and valid contract.
Will you upgrade software from time to time? Do I need to pay for software upgrades?
Biomomentum Inc. warrants you that free software upgrades, when available, will be provided for a 24-month period from the date of shipment. After this time, upgrades will be provided, when available, at a separate charge, or under a separate agreement.
Mechanical Tester
Can the Mach-1 perform load control?
The Mach-1 is a displacement controlled type system. Most Mach-1 Motion functions are set up by indicating a required displacement profile for a specific stage. However, two functions works in load control. The Creep function moves a stage until a predefined load variation is reached and maintains this loading through real-time closed-loop PID adjustment of the stage position. This function can be used, for example, to study the deformation of a sample under constant loading. The second function, the Find Contact function, moves a stage until a predefined load variation (stop criteria) is measured by the load cell. This function can be used, for example, to detect the exact location of a sample surface or the bottom of a testing chamber, or to place an indenter in contact with a sample using a predefined load.
How does the “Interfaces Detection with Needle Probe” feature work?
This tool allows for the computing and visualizing of the surface position (mm) and the interface position (mm) of a “Find Contact” curve (load or force vs. position) obtained from a needle probe measurement (Jurvelin et al., 1995) on a sample (Figure 1). This model is well adapted for the thickness measurement of samples composed of two layers (a soft layer on top and a stiffer layer under), for example: articular surfaces. This analysis can be used in two modes, either automatic or manual. In the automatic mode, the low-pass filter cutoff frequency and the loading limit need to be specified in order to optimize the interface detection for each different sample. A user license is required in order to obtain the results of the interfaces detection with needle probe (Software Add-On, contact Biomomentum to obtain your license).
The needle probe measurement consists of moving the needle probe at a constant speed until it penetrates the surface of the sample and stops inside the interface. The difference between the position of the surface (position where the load starts to increase) and the position of the interface (sharp increase in the load) corresponds to the vertical thickness (Figure 2).
This analysis can be done in two modes, either automatic or manual. The automatic mode allows finding the surface (1) and the interface (2) position through an algorithm.
- In order to find the surface position (1), the algorithm will start from the maximum load and will slowly scan the curve until the load will be equal to the load at the starting point (Figure 3).
- In order to find the interface position (2), the algorithm will first smooth the curve with a low-pass filter (red line) and will then compute the first derivative (green line) and second derivative (blue line) of the curve. The position of the maxima of the second derivative will be considered as the interface position if its position is located before the user-defined loading limit (Figure 4).
Thus, the automatic mode consists of specifying two parameters:
Low-Pass Filter Cutoff Frequency (Hz) – Defines the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter that will smooth the curve
Loading Limit (load/sec) – The inflection position is located before this loading limit defined by the user. This loading limit varies depending on the sample used; it represents the loading limit at which the user is certain that the needle probe is in the interface.
The manual mode lets the user drag the cursors to the surface the interface positions.
For example, (Figure 5) shows parameters used for the “Find Contact” function in needle probe measurement testing protocol on ovine articular surfaces. Corresponding results are shown in (Figure 1).
How could the standard operating procedures “SOP” offered by Biomomentum help me?
The Mach-1 related Standard Operating Procedures are available from the Literature/Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) section of this website. Each version of these SOPs is maintained by Biomomentum’s Quality Assurance department and its latest version is provided online. These SOPs are made as general as possible so any Mach-1 user can use them as is, or as a starting point for optimizing his own SOPs. These documents are separated into: SOPs to perform standard experiment and those to process and analyze raw data.
What are the load cells specifications?
Search for our load cells in the Catalog (Accessories) page. Specifications will be provided for each load cell. You can also have a look at the attached specification sheet.
What are the stages specifications?
What are the mechanical tester specifications?
Refer to the Product section of our Catalog page and choose the tester model you are interested in. Look for the specification section.
How does the Stage PID configuration works?
The Mach-1 mechanical tester's controller use a PID servo loop with feed-forward. The following equation (see image attached) is the general equation of the controller output; Where e(t) is the instantaneous following error, Kp, the proportional gain, Kd, the differential gain and Ki, the integral gain. The figure shows the different parameters that can be modified in Mach-1 Motion.
It is also possible to modify the saturation level integral factor (“Sat. level integral factor”, Ks), the velocity feed-forward gain (“Vel. feed-forward gain”, Vf) and the acceleration feed-forward gain (“Acc. feed-forward gain”, Af).
STAGE AXIS – For multi-axis systems, the user must specify for which axis to set the PID parameters.
PROPORTIONAL GAIN / DERIVATIVE GAIN / INTEGRAL GAIN / SAT. LEVEL INTEGRAL FACTOR / VEL. FEED-FORWARD GAIN / ACC. FEED-FORWARD GAIN – The PID parameters were conservatively set by Biomomentum Inc. to ensure a safe and oscillation-free operation in most situations. The PID parameters can be modified by entering values in the appropriate fields. However, tuning a PID controller requires a reasonable amount of closed-loop system understanding. Load, acceleration, chamber orientation, aging, and performance requirements all affect how the servo loop should be tuned.
The attached table (Servo Parameters) presents a summary of servo parameter functions.
How the main window of the Mach-1 Analysis software looks like? What are its main features?
The image attached shows the main window of the Mach-1 Analysis software. It consists of different configuration options, a main graphical panel and a result panel. The side panel is where you set the folder result path and the configure and save your test sequence. In the lower panel, you can set the acquisition rate, access the manual controls, load cell settings and other info about this software.
I am a Mach-1 user, can you post my scientific publications on your Website?
We encourage our clients to tell us when they publish some research with our mechanical tester. We would be happy to promote your research on our Website as well as on social medias (ResearchGate, Twitter and LinkedIn). For the benefit of other Mach-1 users, please send us your latest research if you can't find it on our Website; We'll add it !
How do I get a quote for a mechanical tester?
The 'Configurator' will help you configure a mechancial tester Mach-1 based on your unique test configurations. You will have access to your device and accessories and its estimated price in only a few minutes! If you prefer, you can also contact us directly.
How the mechanical tester raw data look like?
For each test, data are recorded in a tab-delimited text file. A simple header summarizes the parameters of the test (date, time, software version, tester serial, function's parameters, etc.) Based on the acquisition rate, at each timepoint the file will log the time, the position of each stage and the load measured for each load cell channel. Whenever synchronized image capture is activated, images (.raw) are stored in a separated folder with a time stamp.
What is the tester compliance?
The mechanical compliance is the inverse of the stiffness, it due to the deformation that occurs in the load cell, tester frame and mechanical setup during a mechanical test. When testing hard samples, this deformation may not be negligible; therefore, measurement of the setup compliance can be crucial in obtaining accurate mechanical properties. The tester compliance (or stiffness) depends on the tester configuration (e.g. height of the vertical stage on the frame, type of load cell, etc.) and the accessories installed. An easy way to measure the compliance of the tester is to replace the sample by a dummy sample much stiffer than the sample of interest (e.g. a piece of steel) or to remove the sample (for compression test) and then to apply a displacement. For example, if a flat indenter is contacted at the bottom of the testing chamber and a displacement is applied, the stage will be unable to move if the stiffness of the tester was infinite (zero compliance). In real situation, this would never be the case; the stage will be able to move but the load will increase rapidly. The entire mechanical setup can be modeled as two springs connected in series: one spring representing the tester stiffness and a second spring representing the sample stiffness. By looking at the load-displacement curve, the stiffness of the tester (or compliance) can be calculated.
Mechanical Tester – Analysis Software
How does the “Interfaces Detection with Needle Probe” feature work?
This tool allows for the computing and visualizing of the surface position (mm) and the interface position (mm) of a “Find Contact” curve (load or force vs. position) obtained from a needle probe measurement (Jurvelin et al., 1995) on a sample (Figure 1). This model is well adapted for the thickness measurement of samples composed of two layers (a soft layer on top and a stiffer layer under), for example: articular surfaces. This analysis can be used in two modes, either automatic or manual. In the automatic mode, the low-pass filter cutoff frequency and the loading limit need to be specified in order to optimize the interface detection for each different sample. A user license is required in order to obtain the results of the interfaces detection with needle probe (Software Add-On, contact Biomomentum to obtain your license).
The needle probe measurement consists of moving the needle probe at a constant speed until it penetrates the surface of the sample and stops inside the interface. The difference between the position of the surface (position where the load starts to increase) and the position of the interface (sharp increase in the load) corresponds to the vertical thickness (Figure 2).
This analysis can be done in two modes, either automatic or manual. The automatic mode allows finding the surface (1) and the interface (2) position through an algorithm.
- In order to find the surface position (1), the algorithm will start from the maximum load and will slowly scan the curve until the load will be equal to the load at the starting point (Figure 3).
- In order to find the interface position (2), the algorithm will first smooth the curve with a low-pass filter (red line) and will then compute the first derivative (green line) and second derivative (blue line) of the curve. The position of the maxima of the second derivative will be considered as the interface position if its position is located before the user-defined loading limit (Figure 4).
Thus, the automatic mode consists of specifying two parameters:
Low-Pass Filter Cutoff Frequency (Hz) – Defines the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter that will smooth the curve
Loading Limit (load/sec) – The inflection position is located before this loading limit defined by the user. This loading limit varies depending on the sample used; it represents the loading limit at which the user is certain that the needle probe is in the interface.
The manual mode lets the user drag the cursors to the surface the interface positions.
For example, (Figure 5) shows parameters used for the “Find Contact” function in needle probe measurement testing protocol on ovine articular surfaces. Corresponding results are shown in (Figure 1).
How does the “Elastic Model on Spherical Sample” feature works?
This tool allows for the computing and visualizing of the shear modulus (MPa) from an unconfined compression test performed using a flat indenter on a spherical sample (Figure 1).
Results analysis is performed considering small deformation of a perfectly spherical sample (with uniform elastic material properties) tested in unconfined compression between two flat platens. Curve fitting is based on Gauthier et al., 2004 who used the Hertz model predicting the force exerted by a rigid spherical body under small deformation (less than 10%) which is given by the equation (attached), where F(r) is the force exerted by the sphere when the distance separating the compressing platen surface from the bottom platen is r (and r ˂ 2 R0), u is the shear modulus and R0 is the bead's initial radius.
How does the “Elastic Model in Indentation” works?
This tool allows for the computing and visualizing of the shear modulus (MPa) and the Young’s modulus (MPa) from an indentation test performed using a spherical indenter (Figure 1). This model is well adapted for the mechanical characterization of samples (with critical diameter (width) at least 5 times the indenter diameter) bonded on a flat rigid support (at least 10 times stiffer than the sample), for example: any sheet of material lying on a rigid chamber base (limited sliding at the interface can be assumed) or a cartilage layer attached to a thick sub-chondral bone. A user license is required to obtain the results of the elastic model in indentation (Software Add-On, contact Biomomentum to obtain your license).
Results analysis is performed considering the indentation mechanics of an infinitely wide elastic layer bonded to a rigid half-space which has been developed as a model for the layered geometry of cartilage and subchondral bone (Hayes et al., 1972). (Figure 2) shows a schematic representing the modeled situation.
Many parameters need to be specified in order to calculate the different material properties.
1. Indenter Shape is:
- Spherical
- Plane-Ended Cylindrical
2. Indenter radius in mm.
3. Poisson ratio can be selected from a drop-down list (Figure 3)
4. Position @ contact is – defines the position of the left cursor:
- to be curvefit – will automatically find the position contact which will give the smallest mean squared error (mse)
- the value at t0 – will automatically take the position contact at the start of the curve
- the following value (mm) – the user need to specify the value in the corresponding field next to the drop-down list
- cursor position – the user can drag the left cursor to the wanted position contact
5. Sample thickness is the:
- position @ contact – will automatically find the position at contact (position of the left cursor)
- following value (mm) – the user need to specify the value in the corresponding field next to the drop-down list
6. Curvefit is up to – defines the position of the right cursor:
- peak load – will automatically take the position of the peak load
- delta load (unit) – the user need to specify the value of the desired delta load in the corresponding field next to the drop-down list
- delta position (mm) – the user need to specify the value of the desired delta position in the corresponding field next to the drop-down list
The error on the estimation of the best curve representing the stress relaxation curve is calculated using the root of the mean squares (RMS) method and is displayed under “RMSE”. For example, (Figure 4) shows parameters used for the “Normal Indentation” (Mach-1 Motion) function in an indentation testing protocol on ovine articular surfaces. Corresponding results are shown in (Figure 1).
How does the “Poroelastic Model in Confined Compression” feature works?
This tool allows for the computing and visualizing of the aggregate modulus (MPa), the permeability (mm2/MPa·s) and the mean square error (RMSE) of the fit calculated from a “Stress Relaxation” curve (load or force vs. time) in confined compression (Figure 1) on a disk sample. The curve is fitted to the linear biphasic model (Mow et al., 1980 or Bursać et al., 1999) in order to obtain the mechanical properties of the disk. Sample radius, strain and sample thickness need to be specified.
This model is well adapted for the mechanical characterization of samples containing a liquid fraction and a solid matrix, for example: cartilage or gel samples. A user license is required in order to obtain the results of the poroelastic model in confined compression (Software Add-On, contact Biomomentum to obtain your license).
Mechanical properties can be obtained from the stress relaxation curves obtained under confined compression such as the aggregate modulus (HA) and the hydraulic permeability (k). The aggregate modulus is a measure of stiffness of the sample at equilibrium while the hydraulic permeability is the ability of the fluid to flow through the cartilage matrix.
For example, (Figure 2) shows parameters used for the “Stress Relaxation” function in a confined compression testing protocol on human cartilage disks. Corresponding results are shown in (Figure 1).
How does the “Poroelastic Model in Unconfined Compression” feature works?
This tool allows for the computing and visualizing of the fibril network modulus (MPa), the equilibrium modulus (MPa), the permeability (mm2/MPa·s), and the mean square error (RMSE) of the fit calculated from a “Stress Relaxation” curve (load or force vs. time) in unconfined compression (Figure 1) on a disk or osteochondral core sample. The curve is fitted to the linear fibril-network-reinforced biphasic model (Soulhat et al. 1999) in order to obtain the mechanical properties of the disk. Sample radius, strain, and Poisson’s ratio need to be specified. This model is well adapted for the mechanical description of samples containing a liquid fraction and a fibril network, for example: cartilage or gel samples. A user license is required in order to obtain the results of the poroelastic model in unconfined compression (Software Add-On, contact Biomomentum to obtain your license).
The nonhomogeneous composite model (i.e. linear fibril-network-reinforced biphasic model) is an extension of the previously developed isotropic homogeneous biphasic model, and was achieved by reinforcing the latter with a network of nonlinear fibrils distributed homogeneously in the r, θ, z directions and which resist extension only (Figure 2). The isotropic matrix is described by the drained elastic constants Em (Young’s modulus), vm (Poisson’s ratio) and a hydraulic permeability k. The fibril network is described by the Young’s modulus of individual fibrils ef which, combined with a fibril volume fraction χ (fibrils volume/ total-volume), results in an equivalent tensile modulus of the fibril network, Ef = 1/3 χ ef (since 1/3 of the fibrils are oriented in each of three mutually orthogonal directions).
For example, (Figure 3) shows parameters used for the “Stress Relaxation” function in an unconfined compression testing protocol on ovine cartilage disks. Corresponding results are shown in (Figure 1).
How does the “Sinusoid” model works?
This feature is used to obtain the Frequency, Amplitude and Offset of a sinusoidal signal. A blue line displays the theoretical sinusoid with the Frequency, Amplitude and Offset obtained (Figure 1). The values of the Frequency, Amplitude and Offset are indicated in the “Results” field. The units vary according to the graph’s axes.
This feature can also be used for sinusoidal stimulus-response analysis. Sinusoidal stimulus shall be selected on the x-axis and the sinusoidal response on the y-axis. The Modulus is the ratio of the response Amplitude over the stimulus Amplitude. The Phase is the phase difference between the response and the stimulus. The Modulus’ is computed as the Modulus*Cos(Phase) and the Modulus” is computed as the Modulus*Sin(Phase). A blue line displays the theoretical sinusoidal stimulus-response with the Frequency, Modulus and Phase obtained (Figure 2). The values of the Modulus and Phase are indicated in the “Results” field. The units vary according to the graph’s axes.
One use for this feature would be to compute material properties by multiplying the Modulus obtained by the appropriate geometric factors. For example, the Young’s Modulus can be obtained during uniaxial compression or tension on cylindrical sample with t/pi*r2 as the geometric factor, t is the thickness and r is the radius of the sample.
How does the “Integral” feature work?
The “Integral” feature is used to calculate the area under the curve of the graph (between cursors). One use for this feature would be on the load vs position graph to obtain a factor proportional to the work (energy) acting on the test sample.
How does the “Slope” tool work?
This feature is used to obtain the slope over a selected range of data (between cursors). A blue line displays the slope and the section of the curve that was selected. The values of the slope and the intercept are indicated in the “Results” field. The units vary according to the graph’s axes. Discrepancy between the experimental curve and the calculated slope is reported using the root of the mean squares (RMS) method and is displayed under “RMSE”.
How does the “Average” feature work?
Use this feature to obtain the average and the standard deviation of a selected section of a graph (between cursors). A blue line indicates the average and the section of the curve that was selected. The “Average” and standard deviation (“Std. Dev.”) are also displayed. The units vary according to the graph’s axes.
How does the “Min & Max” feature work?
This feature is used to determine the minimum and maximum values in a selected portion of a graph (between cursors). Both the minimum and maximum values are indicated by red dots. Their respective coordinates in the x and y directions (“Max Position-X”, “Min Position-X”, “Max Position-Y” and “Min Position-Y”) and the difference between these coordinates (“DeltaX” and “DeltaY”) are displayed in the “Results” field. The units vary according to the graph’s axes.
How does the “Cursors” work?
Cursors are used to display the exact location (and spacing) of the two cursors (blue dots) in the Display Pane. Click the line to drag the cursors over the display.
What can I find in the “Analysis” menu?
The analysis menu is used to obtain several basic curve properties such as the slope, the area under the curve, minimum-maximum values, and other statistics. The analysis results are displayed in the “Results” field. The results can be copied to the clipboard by right-clicking in the “Results” field.
The menu also offers advanced tools for analyzing your data and extracting relevant material properties. Some advanced analysis modules can be purchased from Biomomentum and must be installed as software add-ons. Curve fitting to advanced models (Add-ons) are displayed, but not the results.
How can I export data from Mach-1 Analysis?
To perform this operation, right-click anywhere in the “Graphical Display” and then select “Export Data…”.This feature is used to export the results of a function contained in a Mach-1 file in a format that can be read by most spreadsheet programs such as MS Excel™. You can also scale, offset, and filter the data.
Parameters:
DATA HEADER – You can specify your own data header for X and Y axis.
SCALING FACTOR – All the values are multiplied by the value entered in the “Scaling Factor” field. This option is useful to change the units of the data. For example, the position data in mm can be changed into m by entering “0.001” in the “Scaling Factor” field.
OFFSET – You can add an offset to all the values by entering a value in the “Offset” field.
ZERO – If you wish to zero to the first value, check the “Zero” box.
FILTER – If you wish to reduce the size of your data set (to minimize use of disk space or to be able to import the data in a spreadsheet editor having a limited number of rows) you can use this filter. Keeping the first row of data, the algorithm will remove every row until it finds one where either the variation of the X-axis value or the variation of the Y-axis value is higher than the maximum variation specified for the X-axis or the Y-axis, respectively. It will then keep this row and repeat the procedure until the end of the data file.
EXPORT TO FILE – When you select “Export to File”, you will be asked to choose a file name. This new file is not a Mach-1 file (cannot be opened by Mach-1 Analysis); it is an ASCII file (text file) that contains the data separated by tabulations.
COPY TO CLIPBOARD – When you select “Copy to Clipboard”, data will be copied to the clipboard and could be pasted into other software.
How can I export a graph from the Mach-1 Analysis?
To perform this operation, right-click anywhere in the “Graphical Display” and then select “Export Image…”. This option allows the user to export the image in bitmap (.bmp) or in enhanced metafile format (.emf). The image can be saved by clicking the button “Export to File”. When prompted, select a location and a name for the image file you wish to create. The image can also be copied by clicking the button “Copy to Clipboard”.
How does the graph palette located at the bottom-right work?
Use the graph palette located at the bottom-right of the “Graphical Display” to move cursors, zoom, or pan the display.
CURSOR MOVEMENT TOOL – Click the button —- to drag the cursors over the display.
ZOOM – Click the button —- to zoom in and out of the display. The “Zoom” button has 6 options. From top left to bottom right, the options are:
- Zoom to Rectangle—With this option, click a point on the display you want to be the corner of the zoom area and drag the tool until the rectangle covers the zoom area.
- X-zoom—Use this option to zoom in on an area of the graph along the x-axis.
- Y-zoom—Use this option to zoom in on an area of the graph along the y-axis.
- Zoom In about Point—With this option, click a point you want to zoom in on. Press and hold the Shift key to switch between Zoom In about Point and Zoom Out about Point.
- Zoom Out about Point—With this option, click a point you want to zoom out from.
- Zoom to Fit—Use this option to autoscale all x- and y-scales on the graph or chart.
PANNING TOOL – Click the button —- to move the plot around within the display.
How can I specify the X and Y variables to be displayed in the graph?
Use the X-Axis and Y-Axis drop-down lists above the “Graphical Display” to specify the X and Y axes for the graph. In addition to measurement time, you can choose any of the actuators' positions or force components active during measurement.
What is the “Data Information” field?
Information about the selected function is displayed in the “Data Information” field located in the lower-left section of the Mach-1 Analysis main window. Information includes the date and time when the test was performed, information on the Mach-1 system used, and specific information related to the selected function. The information can be copied to the clipboard by right-clicking in the “Data Information” field.
How does the Export & Merge Functions & Files menu work?
This is used to manage your data files (Figure 1). It is not possible to delete data from a file with Mach-1 Analysis. However, you can create a new Mach-1 file with functions selected from an existing Mach-1 file.
To perform this operation, select the file containing the data, select the required functions, then right-click anywhere in the “File List” field and select “Export&Merge Functions&Files…”. When prompted, select a location and a name for the new Mach-1 file you wish to create.
How to select a Mach-1 data folder in Mach-1 Analysis?
To select a folder containing the Mach-1 data files, click on the “browse” button, browse to the folder containing the Mach-1 data files, then click “Current Folder”. The list of all Mach-1 data files contained in the specified folder appears in the “File List” field. Click on the file containing your test results.
Once the file is selected, a list of all functions recorded in this file will appear in a tree view under the file. More than one function can be stored in this data file. Select a function by clicking on the item in the tree view. Mach-1 Analysis will read the data file and display the content for the selected function. The display will resemble this figure.
When the selected function includes several steps (cycles, ramps, etc.), it is possible to choose which step to display by clicking the specific step in the tree view under the selected function. You also have the choice to display all the steps by selecting the main function.
To refresh the list of Mach-1 files in the “Folder Path”, click the “Refresh” button.
How can I install the latest version of Mach-1 Analysis software?
To download the latest version of Mach-1 Analysis, please contact us. Execute “setup.exe” from the Mach-1 Analysis folder “Volume” and follow onscreen instructions. Please contact us to activate any software add-on purchased. Refer to the details of the Software Licensing Agreement.
- Windows Vista, 7, 8 or 10 (32 & 64 bits).
- 3 GB of RAM.
- 100 MB hard disk space for system applications.
- Screen resolution of 1366 x 768 pixels.
What is the Mach-1 Analysis software?
Mach-1 Analysis reads, displays, and analyzes text files (ASCII files) generated by the Mach-1 Motion software. These original text files and the files saved with Mach-1 Analysis can be opened with any text or spreadsheet editor for your own custom analysis.
Could the software license agreement be terminated?
The software License Agreement is in effect until termination. You may terminate it at any time by destroying the software and all copies you have made. Unauthorized copying or duplication of the Software will result in automatic termination of this License Agreement. Without prejudice to any other rights, Biomomentum Inc. may terminate this License Agreement if You fail to comply with any term or condition of this License Agreement. Upon termination of this License Agreement You agree to destroy the Software and all copies You have made.
What are the limitations on the Software License Agreement?
Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, Translation, and Disassembly: You acknowledge that the Software in source code form remains a confidential trade secret of Biomomentum Inc. therefore, you may not reverse engineer, decompile, translate disassemble, or otherwise try to discover the source code of the Software. You may not otherwise modify, alter, adapt, or merge the Software.
Transfer of Software Product: You may not transfer or otherwise assign this License Agreement to another party without the prior written consent of Biomomentum Inc. Moreover, you may not rent, timeshare, lease, or further sub-license the Software to a third party.
Export Restrictions: You agree that the Software will not be shipped, exported, or transferred into any other country, or used in any manner prohibited by any export laws, restrictions or regulations.
Is the software a property of Biomomentum?
Biomomentum Inc. owns certain rights to the Software, and any associated media, printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation. THIS SOFTWARE IS A PROPRIETARY PRODUCT OF BIOMOMENTUM INC., AND IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS. TITLE TO THIS SOFTWARE, ANY COPY OF THIS SOFTWARE, AND ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE SOFTWARE SHALL AT ALL TIMES REMAIN WITH BIOMOMENTUM INC. Your rights are defined by the License Agreement, and You agree that this Agreement creates a legally binding and valid contract.
How the main window of the Mach-1 Analysis software looks like? What are its main features?
The image attached shows the main window of the Mach-1 Analysis software. It consists of different configuration options, a main graphical panel and a result panel. The side panel is where you set the folder result path and the configure and save your test sequence. In the lower panel, you can set the acquisition rate, access the manual controls, load cell settings and other info about this software.
Will you upgrade software from time to time? Do I need to pay for software upgrades?
Biomomentum Inc. warrants you that free software upgrades, when available, will be provided for a 24-month period from the date of shipment. After this time, upgrades will be provided, when available, at a separate charge, or under a separate agreement.
Mechanical Tester – Motion Software
Can the Mach-1 perform load control?
The Mach-1 is a displacement controlled type system. Most Mach-1 Motion functions are set up by indicating a required displacement profile for a specific stage. However, two functions works in load control. The Creep function moves a stage until a predefined load variation is reached and maintains this loading through real-time closed-loop PID adjustment of the stage position. This function can be used, for example, to study the deformation of a sample under constant loading. The second function, the Find Contact function, moves a stage until a predefined load variation (stop criteria) is measured by the load cell. This function can be used, for example, to detect the exact location of a sample surface or the bottom of a testing chamber, or to place an indenter in contact with a sample using a predefined load.
Could the software license agreement be terminated?
The software License Agreement is in effect until termination. You may terminate it at any time by destroying the software and all copies you have made. Unauthorized copying or duplication of the Software will result in automatic termination of this License Agreement. Without prejudice to any other rights, Biomomentum Inc. may terminate this License Agreement if You fail to comply with any term or condition of this License Agreement. Upon termination of this License Agreement You agree to destroy the Software and all copies You have made.
What are the limitations on the Software License Agreement?
Limitations on Reverse Engineering, Decompilation, Translation, and Disassembly: You acknowledge that the Software in source code form remains a confidential trade secret of Biomomentum Inc. therefore, you may not reverse engineer, decompile, translate disassemble, or otherwise try to discover the source code of the Software. You may not otherwise modify, alter, adapt, or merge the Software.
Transfer of Software Product: You may not transfer or otherwise assign this License Agreement to another party without the prior written consent of Biomomentum Inc. Moreover, you may not rent, timeshare, lease, or further sub-license the Software to a third party.
Export Restrictions: You agree that the Software will not be shipped, exported, or transferred into any other country, or used in any manner prohibited by any export laws, restrictions or regulations.
Is the software a property of Biomomentum?
Biomomentum Inc. owns certain rights to the Software, and any associated media, printed materials, and “online” or electronic documentation. THIS SOFTWARE IS A PROPRIETARY PRODUCT OF BIOMOMENTUM INC., AND IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS. TITLE TO THIS SOFTWARE, ANY COPY OF THIS SOFTWARE, AND ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE SOFTWARE SHALL AT ALL TIMES REMAIN WITH BIOMOMENTUM INC. Your rights are defined by the License Agreement, and You agree that this Agreement creates a legally binding and valid contract.
What is the purpose of the multiple-axis load cell calibration window?
This configuration window allows the user to add calibration weights and edit the parameters of existing ones for the multiple-axis load cell by double-clicking the corresponding line. More than one calibration can be performed with a given weight when considering the torques. The figure shows the different options.
Options:
INSERT – Clicking the “Insert” button will add a “NEW” line in the table, as shown in the following figure.
Double-click the line to edit the parameters: the “Calibration Weight” window will appear.
Enter the name of the calibration weight (e.g. its serial number or its nominal value) in the “Name” box.
Enter its weight (in newtons) in the “Fz, N” box. Enter the torque according to the x (“Tx, N.mm”) or y (“Ty, N.mm”) (in newtons-millimetre) if you wish to perform a calibration using the torque. The force along x (“Fx, N”) and y (“Fy, N”) as well as the torque along z (“Tz, N.mm”) can also be set if required.
DELETE – Click the “Delete” button to delete the selected calibration weight.
How does the single axis load cell configuration window works?
The load cell configuration window allows the user to add single-axis load cells to the Mach-1 and to edit the parameters of existing ones by double-clicking the corresponding line. You should not have to edit the parameters unless you add a new load cell to the system. Figure 48 shows the different options.
Options:
INSERT – Clicking the “Insert” button will add a “NEW” line in the table, as shown in the figure.
Double-click the line to edit the parameters: the “Load Cell” window will appear.
Enter the name of the load cell (e.g. its serial number) in the “Name” box
Enter its resolution (1/20,000th of the load range, in grams) in the “Resolution, g” box.
Enter its full scale voltage (in volts) in the “Full Scale Voltage, V” box. The full scale voltage is the voltage output of the load cell when strained at full capacity. For instance, a load cell having a capacity of 10 kg and a “Full Scale Voltage” of 7.5 V will generate a voltage of 0.75 V when submitted to a 1 kg load.
The “DAQ Channel” is the automatically attributed address of the load cell in the data acquisition hardware.
DELETE – Click the “Delete” button to delete the selected load cell.
How does the Stage PID configuration works?
The Mach-1 mechanical tester's controller use a PID servo loop with feed-forward. The following equation (see image attached) is the general equation of the controller output; Where e(t) is the instantaneous following error, Kp, the proportional gain, Kd, the differential gain and Ki, the integral gain. The figure shows the different parameters that can be modified in Mach-1 Motion.
It is also possible to modify the saturation level integral factor (“Sat. level integral factor”, Ks), the velocity feed-forward gain (“Vel. feed-forward gain”, Vf) and the acceleration feed-forward gain (“Acc. feed-forward gain”, Af).
STAGE AXIS – For multi-axis systems, the user must specify for which axis to set the PID parameters.
PROPORTIONAL GAIN / DERIVATIVE GAIN / INTEGRAL GAIN / SAT. LEVEL INTEGRAL FACTOR / VEL. FEED-FORWARD GAIN / ACC. FEED-FORWARD GAIN – The PID parameters were conservatively set by Biomomentum Inc. to ensure a safe and oscillation-free operation in most situations. The PID parameters can be modified by entering values in the appropriate fields. However, tuning a PID controller requires a reasonable amount of closed-loop system understanding. Load, acceleration, chamber orientation, aging, and performance requirements all affect how the servo loop should be tuned.
The attached table (Servo Parameters) presents a summary of servo parameter functions.
How can I adjust the stage velocities for the manual controls?
This configuration window allows the user to define the velocity at which each stage moves when using “Manual Controls”. The Figure shows the different parameters. Refer to specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the velocity range allowed. Always use positive values when entering velocities in Mach-1 Motion.
Parameters:
STAGE AXIS – On multi-axis systems, the user must specify for which axis to set the velocities.
LOW / MEDIUM / HIGH SPEED – The velocity at which the stage moves when either “Low”, “Medium” or “High” velocity is selected.
How does the Hardware Setup configuration works?
This configuration window allows the user to select the type of data communication to be used between the computer and the controller. The figure shows the different parameters.
Parameters:
TYPE – Type can either be “RS-232” (serial) or “USB” communication interface.
COM# – “COM#” is the computer communication port number.
LOAD CELL DAQ DEVICE# – “Load cell DAQ device#” is the number of the DAQ device which is plugged into the computer.
How can I find the Configuration menu?
The “Configuration” menu is accessible from the dialog box that appears once Mach-1 Motion is started. The configuration menu allows the user to define hardware settings for the controller, stages, load cells, and calibration weights. Initial configuration was performed in factory: contact Biomomentum Inc. before modifying it.
Clicking “Configuration” will open a window depending on which tester configuration you are using. Double-click the line in the configuration list to modify the corresponding settings. The following sections describe each menu.
How can I program a sequence of displacement functions?
A “Sequence” is a series of “Functions” that can be repeated numerous times. It is built by adding (inserting) the “Functions” in the “Sequence” box of the Mach-1 Motion interface (Figure 1).
The following sections describe the controls in the “Sequence” box.
Controls:
INSERT FUNCTION – Clicking this button will copy a new instance of the “Function” selected from the “Function” dropdown menu as shown in Figure 2(A). The “Function” can then be changed by selecting the desired “Function” from the dropdown menu (see Figure 2(B)).
Note: “Functions” in a “Sequence” can be modified by selecting them and changing the parameters in the “Function” box. The “Sequence” will have to be saved again in order to save the modified parameters.
DELETE FUNCTION – Clicking this button will delete the selected instance of a “Function” from the “Sequence” list.
MOVE FUNC. UP & MOVE FUNC. DOWN – Clicking these buttons will move the selected instance of a “Function” up or down on the “Sequence” list.
LOAD SEQUENCE – Clicking this button will open the “Load Sequence” window (Figure 3).Select the desired “Sequence” and click “OK” to load it. Note that it will erase the current sequence.
SAVE SEQUENCE – Clicking this button will open the “Save Sequence” window (Figure 4).
To save a new “Sequence”, enter the desired “Sequence Name” in the box and click “OK”.
To open an existing “Sequence”, select it from the “Sequence List” and click “OK”.
To delete an existing “Sequence”, select it from the “Sequence List”, click “Delete” and then click “Cancel”.
REPETITIONS – Enter the number of times you want the “Sequence” to be performed. If “Repetitions” is set to 1, each function of the sequence will be performed once.
EXECUTE & STOP – Once all the desired functions have been added to the “Sequence” and configured, start the “Sequence” by clicking the “Execute” button (Figure 5(A)) in the “Sequence” box. The “Execute” button will then become a “Stop” button (Figure 5(B)). As long as the “Sequence” is running, the function parameters will be blocked from being modified. Clicking the “Stop” button will interrupt the “Sequence”. Results for functions with a data file path will be saved until the point of interruption.
How can I save the test results?
All function boxes have a common section for saving results, as shown in Figure 1. By default, the results of each function are not saved. This is indicated by the “Data will not be saved” message in the “Data File Path” box.
To save the test results of a function into a file, select the function of which you would like to save the data and click the “Browse Data Files” button. The “Choose or Enter Path of File” window (Figure 2) will open. Select the folder where you would like to create the file and enter the name of the file in the “File name:” box (i.e. where “example” is written in Figure 2). If you wish to append data to an already existing Mach-1 Motion file, click the “Browse Data Files” button, go to the folder where the file is located and select the file. The new data will be appended to the file without overwriting any existing data. Click “OK” when done.
Once a file is specified, the “Data File Path” message “Data will not be saved” will be replaced by the selected path and file name. The saving process must be repeated for each function of a test sequence of which you would like to save the data. Data obtained from all functions will be displayed but only data from a function with a specified “Data File Path” will be saved.
The optional “Data File Filter” allows you to limit the number of data points in a file for long-lasting experiments. Selecting the “Data File Filter” checkbox enables the “Config.” button (Figure 3).
Clicking the “Config.” button will open the “Data File Filter” window as shown in Figure 4
The window provides the option to save data when either the “Elapsed time (sec)”, the “Displacement” (in mm), or the “Loading” (in the load cell units) is greater than or equal to a user-defined value. The results will not be saved unless one of the specified conditions is met. To deactivate a condition, set it to “inf” (infinite) as the default “0” value is a condition that is always met.
The “Stage Axis” and “Load Cell Axis” can be chosen on multi-axis systems
Note: If a file designated for saved results was chosen by mistake for one function, click “Browse Data Files” and “Cancel” to remove it.
Note: The data file filter cannot be used to manage images created by a camera feed (refer to section “Add-On for Camera Feed”).
How can I define a new origin for the position of a stage?
The “Zero Position” function (also available from the manual controls) sets the current position read by the stage as the new zero.
How can I set the current load to zero (tare load)?
The “Zero Load” function (also available in the manual controls) sets the current load read by the load cell back to zero. On multi-axis systems, all the axes are zeroed at once.
How does the Wait function works?
This function is used to acquire data from the motion controller and/or load cells without activating the motors.
Parameters:
HH:MM:SS – Specify the duration. Once the waiting duration is reached, the next specified function of the sequence will be executed.
How does the Stress Relaxation function works?
During a “Stress Relaxation” test, a ramp is executed at velocity V and amplitude A, followed by a relaxation (plateau) in which a constant position is held during a time period specified by the user. Several identical ramp-relaxation cycles may be executed one after another.
Parameters:
STAGE AXIS – On multi-axis systems, the user must specify which axis will perform the “Stress Relaxation”.
LOAD CELL AXIS – When using a multiple-axis load cell, the measurement axis can be selected.
Note: The selected “Load Cell Axis” must be consistent with the “Stage Axis”. For example, if the “Vertical (z)” stage axis is selected, the “Load Cell Axis” must have a component along the vertical axis, such as the load along the z axis (the force along z axis or the torque along the x or y axis uses a multiple-axis load cell) in order to eventually attain the “Stop based on” criteria. FAILURE TO MATCH THE “LOAD CELL AXIS” TO THE “STAGE AXIS” CAN RESULT IN DAMAGING OF THE LOAD CELL.
RAMP AMPLITUDE – This is the amplitude that the stage will reach. Full stage range is allowed. A positive amplitude will move the vertical stage down (compression), the horizontal stage, right, and the rotation stage, clockwise. Enter a negative amplitude for opposite directions.
RAMP VELOCITY – This is the velocity at which the stage executes the ramp. Refer to the specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the velocity range allowed. In Mach-1 Motion, the speed is always specified in absolute value terms.
NUMBER OF RAMPS – This is the number of identical displacement/hold cycles to be executed.
STOP BASED ON – There are two ways of determining the end of each relaxation profile (ramp/hold cycle) before applying the next ramp: “Fixed Relaxation Time” and “Relaxation Rate”.
“Fixed Relaxation Time” specifies the duration of each relaxation.
“Relaxation Rate” dynamically monitors the load vs. time slope and ends the relaxation when this slope is less than the “Relaxation Rate per min.” specified by the user. The period over which the slope is calculated is specified by the “Time for Measurement of the Slope, s”. Although a longer period will result in a more accurate slope, keep in mind that the specified relaxation rate can be attained more quickly than the time for measurement of the slope.
FIXED RELAXATION TIME – Specify the relaxation duration when “Fixed Relaxation Time” is selected in the “Stop based on” menu.
RELAXATION RATE PER MIN – Specify the relaxation rate when “Relaxation Rate” is selected from the “Stop based on” menu. The units are grams per minute or newtons per minute, depending on the load measurement units of the selected load cell.
TIME FOR MEASUREMENT OF THE SLOPE – Specify the period over which the relaxation slope is calculated when “Relaxation Rate” is selected in the “Stop based on” menu.
How does the Sinusoid function works?
The “Sinusoid” function allows to execute precise sinusoidal displacements. Limitations on the amplitude and frequency stem from the displacement, velocity, and acceleration limitations of the Mach-1™ model hardware configuration.
The function executes a sequence of sinusoidal displacements determined by a combination of three parameters: “Sinusoid Amplitude” “Frequency” and “Cycles”.
Parameters:
STAGE AXIS – On multi-axis systems, the user must specify which axis will perform the “Sinusoid”.
SINUSOID AMPLITUDE – The amplitude value represents half of the peak-to-peak amplitude and is always positive.
FREQUENCY – The frequency is the number of cycle(s) per second.
CYCLES – “Cycles” is the number of sinusoids to be performed.
Note: At the end of the execution of the “Sinusoid” function, the stage returns to its starting position.
How does the Scan function works?
This function moves the X and Y horizontal stages (or Theta torsion stage) to the next position on a predefined positions list. Contrary to the other functions, this function is directly linked to the repetition number of the sequence (see Repetitions in the Sequence section). For example, in order to displace the stages to every position included on the list, the number of repetition of the sequence should correspond to the position number on the list (calculated in the “# Position” field). When the sequence is executed, the Scan function will move the stage to the first position on the list. At the second repetition of the sequence, the function will move the stages to the second position, and so on. When the number of repetitions of a sequence exceeds the number of positions on the list, the function will reuse the same set of positions in loop. For example, if a positions list contains 5 positions and the sequence is repeated 10 times, the 5 positions will be visited twice. To minimize the risk of damage to the load cell, before each repetition of the Scan function, the Z-axis stage will first be repositioned to the position it was at the first Scan of the sequence.
Parameters:
POSITIONS X-Y (UNITS) – List containing the X and Y (or Theta) coordinates of predefined positions.
LOAD X-Y – Loads the X and Y (or Theta) coordinates from a file (tab-delimited text file). When prompted, choose the file that only contains the coordinates to be added to the list.
PASTE X-Y – Pastes the X and Y (or Theta) coordinates from the clipboard into the table.
CLEAR XY – Clears all the X and Y (or Theta) coordinates in the table.
How does the Ramp-Release function works?
The “Ramp-Release” function executes a ramp followed by a relaxation (plateau) and a release (same amplitude, opposite direction, any velocity), and if required, a second relaxation. The figure presents a typical position versus time curve for a “Ramp-Release” test. This routine is particularly useful for the mechanical stimulation of specimens, especially in controlled environments such as cell or tissue culture incubators. It is also useful for studying fatigue and related processes during prolonged loading periods.
During a “Ramp-Release” routine, a displacement is executed at velocity V1, followed by a relaxation (plateau) of duration t1 and a return to the original position at velocity V2. A second relaxation of duration t2 is executed before the next displacement.
Parameters:
RAMP AMPLITUDE – This is the amplitude that the stage will reach. Full stage range is allowed. A positive amplitude will move the vertical stage down (compression), the horizontal stage, right, and the rotation stage, clockwise. Enter a negative amplitude for opposite directions.
VELOCITY 1 – This is the loading ramp velocity. Refer to the specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the velocity range allowed. In Mach-1 Motion, the speed is always specified in absolute value terms.
FIXED RELAXATION TIME 1 – This is the time period during which the displacement is maintained at the commanded amplitude (first plateau).
VELOCITY 2 – This is the releasing ramp velocity. Refer to the specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the velocity range allowed. In Mach-1 Motion, the speed is always specified in absolute value terms.
FIXED RELAXATION TIME 2 – The commanded rest time period between cycles (second plateau), which is the time between completion of the releasing ramp and the start of the next loading ramp.
NUMBER OF RAMPS – This is the number of identical ramps (displacement/plateau/release/plateau) to be executed.
How does the Paraboloid function works?
The “Paraboloid” function executes a ramp followed by a release (same amplitude, opposite direction, any velocity, any acceleration). The figure presents a typical position versus time curve for a paraboloid routine.
During a “Paraboloid” routine, a ramp is executed with acceleration A1, velocity V1, and deceleration D1. The stage then returns to the original position with acceleration A2, velocity V2, and deceleration D2.
Parameters:
PARABOLOID AMPLITUDE – This is the amplitude that the stage will reach. Full stage range is allowed. A positive amplitude will move the vertical stage down (compression), the horizontal stage, right, and the rotation stage, clockwise. Enter a negative amplitude for opposite directions.
ACCELERATION 1 – The loading ramp acceleration. In Mach-1 Motion, the acceleration is always specified in absolute value terms.
VELOCITY 1 – The loading ramp velocity. Refer to the specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the velocity range allowed. In Mach-1 Motion, the speed is always specified in absolute value terms.
DECELERATION 1 – The loading ramp deceleration. In Mach-1 Motion, the deceleration is always specified in absolute value terms.
ACCELERATION 2 – The releasing ramp acceleration. In Mach-1 Motion, the acceleration is always specified in absolute value terms.
VELOCITY 2 – This is the releasing ramp velocity. Refer to the specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the velocity range allowed. In Mach-1 Motion, the speed is always specified in absolute value terms.
DECELERATION 2 – This is the releasing ramp deceleration. In Mach-1 Motion, the acceleration is always specified in absolute value terms.
How does the Normal Indentation function works?
Parameters:
Z-CONTACT CRITERIA – The user specifies the load to be reached until the stage stops moving. The software analyzes the load-displacement curve and moves the stage back to the position where the load had started to increase (twice the load cell resolution) (refer to Find Contact function description).
SCANNING GRID – Specify the distance “d” from the test location of the 4 control points at the surface in the vicinity of the test location (xi,yi) = (-d,0), (d,0), (0,-d) and (0,d).
INDENTATION AMPLITUDE – This is the amplitude of the normal indentation. Full stage range is allowed. A positive amplitude will move the indenter toward the sample (compression).
INDENTATION VELOCITY – This is the velocity of the normal indentation. Refer to the specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the velocity range allowed. In Mach-1 Motion, the speed is always specified in absolute value terms.
RELAXATION TIME – This is the time period during which the position is maintained at the commanded amplitude (relaxation period).
How does the Move Absolute function works?
This function is used to make absolute stage displacements (i.e. move the stage to a given position).
Parameters:
STAGE AXIS – On multi-axis systems, the user must specify which axis will perform the “Move Absolute”.
POSITION – The position is taken relative to the zero position (origin) of the chosen axis. Positive (negative) positions are below (above) the zero position for a vertical stage, right (left) of the zero position for a horizontal stage and clockwise (counterclockwise) of the zero position for a rotation stage.
VELOCITY – The velocity at which the motion will be executed must also be specified. Refer to the specifications of your Mach-1™ model to learn of the displacement and velocity ranges allowed. In Mach-1 Motion, the speed is always specified in absolute value terms.
How does the Find Contact function works?
The Find Contact function moves a stage until a predefined load variation (stop criteria) is measured by the load cell, then it analyses the load-displacement curve and repositions the stage based on the selected stage repositioning option. This function can be used, for example, to detect the exact location of a sample surface or the bottom of a testing chamber (in this case the stage must be moved very slowly to avoid overloading the load cell), or to place an indenter in contact with a sample using a predefined load.
- “None”; the stage remains at the position where it has stopped (overshoot)
- “Stop Criteria”; the stage is repositioned where the load variation first corresponded to the stop criteria (overshoot compensation)
- “2X Load Resolution”; the stage is repositioned where the load variation first corresponded to twice the load cell resolution (surface detection)
Is it possible to add analog inputs to the mechanical tester?
How works the load cells control window? How do I check the proper calibration of a load cell?
Clicking on the “Load Cells” button will open a window (see attached image) that allows the selection and calibration of a load cell as well as the selection of a “Low-pass filter” to reduce the noise in the load signal. All available load cells will be listed. LOAD CELL CALIBRATION CHECK IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED BEFORE EACH TEST SESSION.
How works the Manual Controls of the mechanical tester?
Clicking the “Manual Controls” button will open a window (see attached image) that allows manual control of each stage’s displacement.
What is the acquisition rate of the mechanical tester?
The acquisition rate of the stage position and load cell signals are set in the Mach-1 Motion Software by choosing from the “Acquisition Rate, Hz” drop-down list. Eight different acquisition rates are available, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz and 2.5 kHz. Note that a higher acquisition rate will create voluminous data files. For example, the multiple-axis load cell used on a two-axes system at a 2.5 kHz acquisition rate will generate more than 10 MB by minutes of data. The use of data filtering (saving options) is recommended.
How the main window of the Mach-1 Motion software looks like? What are the main features?
The image attached shows the main window of the Mach-1 Motion software. It consists of different configuration options and two main data streaming graphs. The upper graph displays the position of the stage(s) in real-time. The lower graph displays the real-time output of the load cell (the forces and torques if using a multiple-axis load cell). The side panel is where you configure and save your test sequence. In the lower panel, you can set the acquisition rate, access the manual controls, load cell settings and other info about this software.
How does the creep function works?
What testing functions are available in the Mach-1 Motion software?
The “Function” menu is a dropdown list of all the available functions that can be used to build a “Sequence” (see Sequence section). As each “Function” is selected, the corresponding configurable parameters with their according units are displayed.
- Creep – Moves a stage until a predefined load variation is reached and maintains this loading through real-time adjustment of the position.
- Find Contact – Moves a stage until a predefined load variation (stop criteria) is measured by the load cell.
- Move Absolute – Used to make absolute stage displacements (i.e. move the stage to a given position).
- Move Relative – Used to make relative stage displacements (i.e. move the stage at a given amplitude).
- Normal Indentation (for model v500css only with Software Add-on) – Detects the height and orientation of the surface at the XY position and records the load while simultaneously moving the three linear stages at different speeds in order to move a spherical indenter with a predefined displacement profile along a virtual axis normal to the surface of the sample.
- Paraboloid – A ramp followed by a release (same amplitude, opposite direction, any velocity, any acceleration).
- Ramp-Release – A ramp followed by a relaxation (plateau) and a release (same amplitude, opposite direction, any velocity).
- Scan (model v500css or v500cst required) – Moves all stages to the next position on a predefined positions list.
- Sinusoid – Execute precise sinusoidal displacements.
- Stress Relaxation – Applying sequences of ramp-hold displacements.
- Wait – Acquire data from the motion controller and/or load cells without activating the motors.
- Zero Load – Sets the current load read by the load cell back to zero (Tare).
- Zero Position – Sets the current position read by the stage as the new zero.
What is the Mach-1 Status displayed at the top of the Mach-1 Motion Software? What are the possible status?
- Following Error Threshold Exceeded – the controller was unable to keep track of the stage’s position.
- Positive Hardware Limit Detected – the stage has reached the maximal positive position.
- Negative Hardware Limit Detected – the stage has reached the maximal negative position.
- Maximum Velocity Exceeded – the maximal velocity of the stage was reached and the stage will stop moving.
- Maximum Acceleration Exceeded – the maximal acceleration of the stage was reached and the stage will stop moving.
How can I activate the camera video feed in the software? What are its main features?
A Camera Feed (camera, lens and positioning arm) can be added to the mechanical Tester. These accessories allow the capture of series of high definition images of the sample during mechanical testing. Image capture is synchronized with the raw data of the mechanical test. With this Add-on feature activated, clicking on the “Show Camera” button will reveal a secondary panel of the Mach-1 Motion Main Window displaying the camera feed and related parameters (see Figure attached). At all times, it is possible to switch back to the regular panels by clicking on the “Hide Camera” button. It should be mentioned that by doing so, the status of the camera feed will remain unchanged and the configured acquisition will continue to progress in background. Clicking on the “Show Camera” activation button at the bottom right of the panel will launch the real-time camera feed. Note that the camera feed cannot be stopped using the activation button when a test sequence is running. In order for the images to be saved, the camera feed must be activated and a Mach-1 function must be saved. To store the images, a sub-folder will be automatically created using the name format “FileName_XXX”, where FileName is the user-specified filename and XXX is a function index (001 for the first function saved, 002 for the next one and so on). The images will be saved in this sub-folder with the name format “FileName_XXX_YYYYYYYY (.bmp)”, where YYYYYYYY corresponds to the time index of the corresponding function in tenths of a second.
- Exposure: “Auto”
- Shutter: “100ms”
- Gain: User-specified (see figure below)
- FrameRate: “10fps”
Where can I find my Mach-1 Motion software version?
At the bottom of the software main window, click on the “About” button. This is where you will find which software version you have and other information related to your mechanical tester. To facilitate the identification of your system when writing to Biomomentum Inc. for servicing, click the “Copy to Clipboard” button and paste information in the email.
Will you upgrade software from time to time? Do I need to pay for software upgrades?
Biomomentum Inc. warrants you that free software upgrades, when available, will be provided for a 24-month period from the date of shipment. After this time, upgrades will be provided, when available, at a separate charge, or under a separate agreement.
How flexible is the mechanical tester software to create custom cyclic loading protocols?
Our software is very versatile and easy to use. There is a set of basic functions (move absolute, move relative, sinusoidal, wait, paraboloid, etc) that you can combined in sequence. With this structure you can easily create any custom loading protocols.
Purchasing
What currency do you accept?
We accept U.S. dollars ($US), Canadian dollars ($CDN), Euros (€) and British pounds (£).
Is the training included when I buy your product?
Generally, at the time of product installation, we also provide induction training. This is normally an item on the quotation for the product. Visit our Support page for more training options.
Will a technician come to install my mechanical tester?
Yes, if not agreed otherwise.
Is the mechanical tester adapted for all countries (electrical components)?
Yes. The Mach-1 bears the EC mark and its electrical plugs will be adapted to match the specifications of your country.
Can you tell me the name of a few researchers who purchased your mechanical tester?
Please visit our 'Literature' section to find who uses our mechanical tester for their research. Do not hesitate to contact us if you need specific references.
How do I get a quote for an Arthro-BST?
Please contact us at info@biomomentum.com with your request.
How do I get a quote for a mechanical tester?
The 'Configurator' will help you configure a mechancial tester Mach-1 based on your unique test configurations. You will have access to your device and accessories and its estimated price in only a few minutes! If you prefer, you can also contact us directly.
What is your data privacy and cookies policy?
Shipping
We would like to contract your testing services for one of our study, but our biological samples will be are prepared outside Canada. What are our shipping options?
We invite you to visit our 'Testing Services' section to find out what are the available options.
Support
What is the Biomomentum’s servicing policy?
The user should not attempt to repair, service, or perform maintenance of the system beyond the recommended troubleshooting procedures. Biomomentum Inc. should be advised of any problems that arise with the user’s system. Technical support should be contacted (refer to contact information).
For all technical support, please have the following information available:
- Model number
- Serial number
- Problem description
In the event of a product failure that conforms to the written warranty or if the technical support representative determines that the system is to be returned for repair, please use this return process:
- Contact Biomomentum Inc. for a Return Merchandise Authorization form (RMA).
- Clean the product as per Cleaning section of the user manual.
- Carefully package the product by itself, with no other items, along with:
a. A copy of your dated proof of purchase (please keep a copy for yourself).
b. The filled RMA form. - Write or affix the RMA number on the shipping box.
- Send everything, shipping prepaid, to Biomomentum Inc.
Biomomentum Inc. recommends that the package be insured against loss or in transit damage for which Biomomentum Inc. cannot be held responsible.
Note: Customers must notify Biomomentum Inc. of any testing systems that have been exposed to any biohazard or radioactive materials. Systems that require servicing that have been exposed to biohazard or radioactive materials must be decontaminated before servicing. In this case, Biomomentum Inc. will decontaminate the system for the customer for a fee.
The European Union has enacted a Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE Directive). According to the Directive, Biomomentum Inc must collect the Mach-1™ for free at the end of its useful life. To dispose of your product, please use the return process described previously in this section. In this case, shipping costs will be assumed by Biomomentum Inc.
Do you have 24/7 technical support?
Direct technical support is normally offered within our weekdays business hours 8-17h (UTC-4). You can contact us at any time by email or through our chat to setup a direct technical support session. We will also answer any support request within 24h.
Do you offer on-site training (or retraining) sessions?
Yes. Please visit our Support page for details.
Where can I find my Arthro-BST’s serial number?
Your serial number is under the electrical isolation box.
Where can I find my Mach-1’s serial number?
You can find this serial number on the Mach-1 side label. Format is MAXXXXXXX. You can also find it in the About Box of Mach-1 Motion software or by contacting us.
Testing Services
Do you have any examples of some studies you performed in the past?
We invite you to visit our 'Case Study' section to read about a few study examples we have previously done for our clients.
I’m from another country. Are your testing services available for me?
Of course; Companies around the world benefit from our services. We invite you to visit our 'Testing Services' page to read more information on the different testing options that you could consider for your study.
How long until I receive my results for testing services?
Of course this will depend of the type of test required, as well as the number of samples involved. For simple mechanical testing, results are provided within a week.
How do I get a quote for Testing services?
Once you speak with our study director, he will be able to provide you with a quote that will perfectly suit your needs. Please visit our 'Testing Services' section to read about our different testing options we offer.
Troubleshooting
The calibration factor of my load cell differs from 1.0 by more than 5.0 %; what could be the cause?
This could be due to:
- Wrong load cell is activated. Verify that the installed load cell corresponds to the load cell indicated in the “Load Cell” dialog box.
- The load cell might be damaged. Contact technical support.
A stage suddenly stops responding. What could be the cause? What can I do?
This could be due to:
- The stage is disabled. Reset the axis (“Manual Controls” / “Motor Power ON”).
- An overload of the load cell. Check if the activated load cell is overloaded.
- The controller is not powered up. Power up the controller.
- The system may have lost communication with the controller. Reboot the motion controller and restart the program.
- An obstacle forced the motion controller to disable the stage to prevent permanent damage to the stage. Reset the axis (“Manual Controls” / “Motor Power ON”).
- The system may have lost communications with the controller. Reboot the motion controller and restart the program.
- Bad connection. Check if connections are all properly made.
- The communication port is not properly installed or configured. Verify that the controller drives are installed on the computer.
What is the Mach-1 Status displayed at the top of the Mach-1 Motion Software? What are the possible status?
- Following Error Threshold Exceeded – the controller was unable to keep track of the stage’s position.
- Positive Hardware Limit Detected – the stage has reached the maximal positive position.
- Negative Hardware Limit Detected – the stage has reached the maximal negative position.
- Maximum Velocity Exceeded – the maximal velocity of the stage was reached and the stage will stop moving.
- Maximum Acceleration Exceeded – the maximal acceleration of the stage was reached and the stage will stop moving.
The Load Cell Amplifier is not responding. What is the cause?
The connection cable might not be properly connected. Verify the connection.
Upgrades
Can I upgrade a mechanical tester bought few year ago?
Warranties
What are the software warranties, licences and upgrades offered by Biomomentum?
Software Product: Biomomentum Inc. grants You the nonexclusive, non-transferable, limited license to Use one copy of the Software on a single computer.
Software Control Access: Biomomentum Inc. reserves the right to use a hardware lock device, license administration software and/or a license authorization code to control access to the Software. Measures to avoid or defeat this purpose are not permitted. Users are prohibited from using the Software without any required lock device or authorization code.
Upgrades: If the Software is purchased as an upgrade or provided as an update to a previous version of the licensed Software, this software may be used only to replace the previous version, and no additional license is granted. The upgraded Software and the previous version may not be Used separately.
Backup: The Software may be copied into any machine-readable or printed form for backup purposes in support of your licensed use of the Software.
Biomomentum Inc. warrants that for a period of 90 days from the date of shipment, the Software, unless modified or otherwise altered by You, will perform in accordance with the accompanying written materials, and the media on which the Software is furnished will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal Use. Biomomentum Inc. also warrants to You that free software upgrades, if applicable, will be given for a 24-month period from the date of shipment.
No other warranties: BIOMOMENTUM INC. MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, AND NO WARRANTY IS GIVEN THAT THE SOFTWARE IS ERROR-FREE OR THAT ITS USE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR THAT IT WILL WORK IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE. ALL WARRANTIES, CONDITIONS, REPRESENTATIONS, INDEMNITIES, AND GUARANTEES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARISING BY LAW, CUSTOM, PRIOR ORAL OR WRITTEN STATEMENTS (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTY OR MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF ERROR-FREE AND UNINTERRUPTED USE OR ANY WARRANTY AGAINST INFRINGEMENT) ARE HEREBY OVERRIDDEN, EXCLUDED AND DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT.
Biomomentum Inc. makes no other warranty that the Use of the Software will not infringe any intellectual property rights of third parties. You are solely liable for any such infringement.
No Biomomentum Inc. agent or employee is authorized to make any modifications, extensions, or additions to these warranty provisions or to this License Agreement.
All warranties are void if a failure of a warranted item results, directly or indirectly, from an unauthorized adjustment to a warranted item, an unauthorized attempt to repair a warranted item, or misuse of a warranted item, including without limitation, Use of a warranted item under abnormal operating conditions or subjecting a warranted item to unreasonably harsh conditions of any kind.
You concur to promptly inform Biomomentum Inc. of any suspected or actual flaws regarding the Software.
Exclusive Remedy: Biomomentum Inc.’s entire liability and exclusive remedy shall be, at Biomomentum Inc.’s option, either (i) by replacement of the defective media, (ii) by repair of the Software, or (iii) by return of the price paid, if any, and termination of this License Agreement. To be entitled to this remedy, You must provide a copy of this License Agreement, your proof of purchase, and the defective media to Biomomentum Inc.
Why does the warranty excludes the load cells?
Our mechanical testers have been designed for the testing of soft material, tissue or in conditions where the generated forces are low. Since a load cell needs to slightly deformed to measure a load, applying physical overload protection measures is not possible. Some of our load cells are so sensitive that they can be overloaded and irreversibly damaged even by minor manipulation human errors (e.g. overtighting of accessories, hitting of chamber wall). We have no control on these types of errors thus cannot extend our warranty to load cells.
Does the warranty include all the accessories and parts I’m buying with my tester?
The warranty covers all parts, components and accessories with the exception of the load cells.
Can I buy an extended warranty?
You can buy extended warranty for our products. Visit the Accessory section (category warranty) of the Catalog page.
Is the Arthro-BST sold with a warranty? For how long is the warranty applicable?
- Contact Biomomentum Inc. for a Return Merchandise Authorization form (RMA).
- Carefully package the product by itself, with no other items, along with: a copy of your dated proof of purchase (please keep a copy for yourself) and the filled RMA form.
- Write or affix the RMA number on the shipping box.
- Send everything, shipping prepaid, to Biomomentum Inc.
Biomomentum recommends that the package be insured against loss or in transit damage for which Biomomentum cannot be held responsible.
Is the Mach-1 sold with a warranty? For how long is the warranty applicable?
Biomomentum Inc. warrants to the end-user customer that the MACH-1™ Micromechanical System will be free from defects in materials and workmanship within 24 months after delivery of the product to the original purchaser. Subject to certain exceptions and conditions, Biomomentum Inc. agrees, at its option, to correct by repair, by replacement, or by credit to the purchaser any defect of materials or workmanship, which develops within 24 months after delivery of the product. The Company’s limited warranty covers only those defects which arise as a result of normal use of the product, and do not apply to any: – Improper or inadequate maintenance; – Unauthorized modification; – Operation outside the product’s intended purposes; – Operation outside the product’s specifications; – Improper site preparation; – Inappropriate handling. The Company’s limited warranty does not cover load cells, which are extremely sensitive to manipulation. The Company shall be released from all obligations under its warranty for products that have been in contact with biohazard materials and/or radioactive materials. The Company shall be released from all obligations under its warranty in the event repairs or modifications are made by persons other than its own service personnel or authorized dealer personnel unless such repairs by others are made with written consent Biomomentum Inc.
Can’t find an answer to your question?
Please contact us
Head Office: Biomomentum Inc. 1980 Michelin, Laval, QC, H7L 5C2, Canada
Phone: 1-450-667-2299
Opening hours: Monday to Friday, from 8AM to 5PM EDT
Email Address: info@biomomentum.com
Please contact us